Tityus neglectus Mello-Leitão, 1932, originally described from a female specimen collected in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil) is redescribed. The type-specimen, deposited in the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro) is lost; a male of the Instituto Butantan (São Paulo) scorpion collection is proposed as the neotype. A synopsis of the known species of Tityus from the northeastern part of Brazil is added, as well as a key for the identification of those species.