The recent outbreak of human ocular injuries, most in the conjunctive, occurred in the town of Araguatins, at the right bank of Araguaia river, State of Tocantins, Brazil, along the low water period of 2005, affected particularly male children and adults and had as main characteristic eye irritation and itching after bathing and diving with open eyes in the river waters, followed by appearance of ocular injuries. The large number of registers of itching and ulceration caused by sponge (cauxi) spicules in rivers of Central Amazonia urged the authors to undertake a survey for sponges and its spicules in the river waters and sediments in several GPS referred stations at the site. Ten sponge species were detected upon the finding of gemmules as well as upon spicules accumulated in the river sediments or suspended in the river waters. The ten species are listed and have their spicules illustrated aiming their detection in surgically extracted ocular damaged tissues, the determination of the disease etiology and the procedures to be taken by local health authorities to prevent further progress of the disease.
Freshwater sponges; silicious spicules; ocular pathology; Amazonian waters
