Resumo em Inglês:
Thirty one South American species of Melissoptila Holmberg, 1884, from Brazil, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile are described: M. albinoi, M. aliceae, M. amazonica, M. aurea, M. bahiana, M. boliviana, M. buzzii, M. cacerensis, M. carinata, M. calamarcensis, M. chilena, M. clypeata, M. ecuatoriana, M. graji, M. hirsutula, M. larocai, M. marinonii, M. mielkei, M. mirnae, M. montanicola, M. moureana, M. ornala, M. paranaensis, M. plumala, M. renatoi, M. sertanicola, M. seligera, M. sexcincta, M. solangeae, M. trifasciata and M. villosa. Two species are revalidated: Melissoptila argentina Brèthes, I910 and Melissoptila ochromelaena (Moure. 1943). A key to the South American species is proposed to include the new species and the twenty one known species that belong to this genus.Resumo em Inglês:
New synonym proposed: Tachocha Lane, 1970 = Phoebemima Tippmann, 1960 (Hemilophini). New taxa described: Apanoeme castanea sp.n. from Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul (Oemini); Lissoeme maculata, sp.n. from Brazil, Bahia (Achiysonini); Taygayba gen.n., type species T. venezuelensis sp.n. from Venezuela (Hesperophanini ?); Neoconipsa santarensis sp.n. from Brazil, Pará (Ibidionini); Hippopsis campaneri sp.n. from Brazil, Goiás (Agapanthiini); lquiara gen.n., type species I. tuiuca sp.n. from Ecuador (Hemilophini); Paracallia gen.n., type species P. bonaldoi sp.n. from Brazil, Acre (Calliini); Neopibanga gen.n., type species, N. brescoviti sp.n. from Brazil, Rondônia (Eupromerini).Resumo em Inglês:
A study of correlation between the total body length and the somites length was carried out in a population of Hyale media (Dana, 1857), in order to know which somite or group of somites has the highest correlation index with the total body length. As the sum of the length of the first to fourth pereonites showed the highest linear correlation index (Y=0.0764+0.2736X; r=0.9723), this meristic parameter was chosen to describe the population structure of the species. The following aspects were treated: distribution of the body size classes in the various phytals, population composition, seasonal fluctuation of population density. relative frequency of the ovigerous females and correlation between the body length and the number of eggs inside the marsupium of the ovigerous females. The amphipods were obtained from the seasonal collections of six phytals from a rocky seashore of Caiobá, Paraná State: Pterosiphonia pennata (Roth) Falkenberg. Gymrogongrus griffithsiae (Turner) Martius, Pterocladia capillacea (Gmelin) Bornet & Thured, Sargassum cymosum Garth, Gelidium sp and Ulva fasciata Delile; they did not occurred in Padina gymnospora (Kútsing) Vickers and Porphyra atropurpurea (Olivi) De Toni. The air temperature oscillated from 16ºC (winter and autumn) to 23ºC (summer), the surface water temperature from 17ºC (winter) to 25ºC (summer) and the surface water salinity, from 29.3‰ (autumn) to 32.8‰ (winter). The density oi Hyale media varied from 0.20 ind.g-1 (in Ulva) to 26.37 ind.g-1 (in Pterosiphonia) of alga-substratum weigth, and the population was distributed mainly in branched algae. It was determined three size classes in the population, within a range from 0.01 to 2.99mm of pereonits 1-4 length. Small amphipods prefer finely branched algae like Gymnogongrusand Pterosiphonia, whereas broad-thallii or less branched algae such as Sargassum, Pterocladia, Gelidium and Ulva harbour proporcionally high number of large individuais. The life cycle of Hyale media takes place wholly in the phytals and the species reproduces continually all year round: males, ovigerous females and juveniles are present every season. The highest femalc reproductive activity occurs in winter and the juveniles are more numerous in summer. The number of eggs inside the marsupium and the pereonites 1-4 length has a linear correlation (Y=-9,9682+12,0729X; r=0.8024).Resumo em Inglês:
Since 1985 the biology and behavior of Phrynops hilarii (Duméril & Bibron, 1835) at São Paulo Zoo is being studied. Feeding behavior is divided in five phases (foraging, approach, capture, dilaceration and ingestion), but not necessarily all of them happen. During phase 1 the food or prey seems to be visually located. During phase 2 the food itens and stationaty preys are approached and examined by olfaction. Moving preys are pursued and there is no olfactory examination. During phase 3 the food is captured by suction. When food is bigger than turtle mouth it is dilacerated by one or both forefeet used alternately (phase 4). Ingestion is accomplished by gradual suction (phase 5). Intra and inter-specific cleptoparasitism was observed. Success in capture and ingestion of food seems not be dependent on species or size of the turtle. Adults, young, and hatchlings of P. hilarii are primarily carnivorous and vegetables were rarely eaten.Resumo em Inglês:
Five new species of Neophlepsius Linnavuori, 1955 are described: N. peruvianus sp.n., N. abruptus sp.n., N. denticulatus sp.n., N. bifidus sp.n., and N. malkowskiae sp.n., (the first one from Peru and the remainder from Brazil). N. phorus Cheng, 1980 is a new synonym of N. gracilis (Osborn, 1923).Resumo em Inglês:
A total of 1257 caprellids, mostly females, were collected, from Februaty to September 1991. The average sex-ratio was of 0,83, with a range from 1,58 and 0,20. Salinity ranged from 30‰ to 36‰ seawater and air temperature ranged from 26,00 to 17,66ºC and 25,23 to 18,60ºC respectively. Caprellid densities were higher during the cold months and males were the largest of the population. Males could be distributed in 12 length classes, while females in seven only.Resumo em Inglês:
It is described the anatomy and microanatomy of the phallus complex of Rectartemon depressus (Heynemann, 1868). The complex is composed by a phallus, a diverticle of the phallus and an epiphallus, where the deferens duct is thrown in: the retractor muscle is splitted in two parts, inserted into the region of the epiphallus through a smaller branch, and at the extremity of the diverticle, through a longer and thiner branch. The lumen of the phallus, epiphallus and diverticle have corrugations and thorns. On the phallus the thorns are arranged in a protuberance and disposed alternately in rows, ali with an aculeus form and with a chestnut collor point and a yellow basis.Resumo em Inglês:
This Study Concerns the morphological changes of the testes of "curimbatá", Prochilodus scrofa (Steindachner, 1881) at the beginning of sperm production, before and after the hormonal injections. We examined 25 three year old males that were reared in tanks at the Experimental Fish and Frog Culturing Station of Pindamonhangaba of the Fisheries Institute of São Paulo. The testes were sampled at the start of sperm production, after the first hormone injection (5 IU/g for weight of hCG), and 14 days before and after a second injection. Testicle fragments of these specimens were fixed and embedded in historesin. At the beginning of sperm production, the milky-white gonad showed consistem superficial vascularization, exceeding thick sperm under light pressure. Microscopically, the presence of spermatogonia, many spermatocytes, spemiatids and some tubules with spermatozoa were conspicuous. After the first hormonal dose, the gonads increased in volume, occupying most of the abdominal cavity superficial blood irrigation was evident, and sperm flowed easily out of the genital pore. Many spermatozoa were observed in the histology sections, along with spermatocytes and spemiatids, within the lumen of the seminal tubules. After 14 days, the testes exhibited decreased volume and pink-white coloration. Light microscopy revealed few spermatozoa and disarrangement of the structures forming the seminal tubules. After the second hCG dose, the testes again increased in volume, occupying most of the abdominal cavity. Some tubules were filled with spermatozoa whereas others showed reduced numbers of this cellular type.Resumo em Inglês:
The microsculpture of Rectartemon depressus (Heynemann, 1868) shell is described on scanning electron microscope. The generics characteristics are proposed: shell's dorsal sculture formed for ribs striae radial; nuclear whorls smooth; ventral surface of the shell smooth or slightly striate; and as specifics characteristics: the number of ribs striae radial on the last world. The R. (R.) depressus presented seven or eight ribs striae radial for millimeter.Resumo em Inglês:
Patterns of geographic variation in 10 morphometric characters were analyzed in a sample of 91 specimens of the batfish, Ogcocephalus vespertilio (L.), from the NE and SE Brazilian coast, using multivariate statistics and randomization tests. The specimens were ordinated by principal components analysis in two groups corresponding to the regions north and south of the 23ºC isotherm, and size variation was found to account for 70.3%, whereas shape differences accounted for 23.6% of the total variation in morphometric characters. The two groups were different at the 1% significance level by multivariate analysis of variance based on the Wilk's criterion, tested by a randomization procedure. Width of illicial cavity and distance from anus to anal fin were the characters most contributing to the differentiation of the population samples.Resumo em Inglês:
Artificial incubation of 558 eggs from 70 clutches of Trachemys dorbignyi (Duméril & Bibron, 1835) were performed at São Paulo Zoo during 1992 and 1993. Hatching occurred when eggs were incubated between 25 and 31.5oC. Incubation time varied from 54 (at 31.5oC) to 120 days (at 25oC), similarly to Trachemys scripla sspp. Hatchling used the caruncle to made small incisions in the egg shell, latter enlarged by movements of the head and forefeet. Hatching usually lasted from one to two days. Newborn's carapace and plastron showed their natural form few hours after the emergence from the egg shell. During the third or fourth week, caruncle usually disappeared, and yolk sac was completely absorbed. Average (x±sd) measures of newborn were 3.55±0.18cm of carapace length, 3.35±0.17cm of plastron length, and 10.73±1.36g of weight.Resumo em Inglês:
Monthly catches were carried out during five days/month in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve (Manaus, Amazonas), from February 1990 to January 1991 in order to assess the sandfly fauna of that region, evaluate the atractivity of these insects with regard to different kinds of traps and baits and to know vertical stratification of these insects. The traps and baits used in catches were: Disney traps with baits: Didelphis sp., Gallus sp. and Mesocricetus sp.; CDC light traps at three vertical levels (1m, 5m and 10m); Suspended trap (5m) and Malaise trap (1m) and catches on bases of tree-trunks. The most efficient type was the CDC. Malaise and Suspended did not collect specimens of Culicoides Latreille, 1809. The Disney traps with baits only attracted specimens of C. fusipalpis Wirth & Blanton, 1973. In vertical stratification, the CDC trap placed at 1m caught 898 specimens of nine species; at 5m 895 specimens were collected which belonged to 13 species; and at 10m 224 specimens of 14 species were collected. Two thousand and forty-six specimens of Culicoides were captured, being about 5,66% males and 94,34% females, which belonged to 17 different species; the most frequent were C. fusipalpis (43,05%), followed by C. pseudodiabolicus Fox, 1946 (32,79%), C. hylas Macfie, 1940 (12,31%) and C. foxi Ortiz, 1950 (3,71%). The other 13 species totalized 8,15%.Resumo em Inglês:
This paper presents the study of population fluctuation of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1824) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1830) in peach orchards in Porto Alegre city. The peak for A. fraterculus was in November and December and for C. capitata in December and January. There was no significant difference among the population levels in the cultivars Fla 13-72, Premier and Marli.Resumo em Inglês:
The present paper reports the presence of glandular structures in legs of some stingless bee species. The glands appear as: the epidermis transformation in a glandular epithelium as in basitarsus, an epithelial sac inside the segment as in the femur of queens or in the last tarsomere, as round glandular cells, scattered or forming groupments. The saculiform gland of femur is present only in queens, the other glands are present in males, queens and workers of the studied species, apparently without any type of polymorphism. This occurrence seems indicate that the function of these glands have not to do with the sociality or specific behavior of castes.Resumo em Inglês:
The genus Neocalvia Crotch, I87l is revised through the study of external morphology and especially of the genitalia characters. A key to the species is added. Neocalvia areolata Gorham, 1892 was not studied and the original description is transcribed.Resumo em Inglês:
Monasa nigrifrons is reported from the region of Três Lagoas (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), with information on its feeding behavior and nesting. This is the first report of this bird on this region, as well as the first observations on its nest burrowing behavior.Resumo em Inglês:
The Guaratuba Bay (25o52'S, 48o39'W) is the second largest estuarine system of the State of Parana, Brazil. It extended inside of the continent for about 15 km and is surrounded by mangroves. Water depth can reach up to six meters. The fish faunal composition of this area was evaluated with a bottom trawl and, occasionally, casting and gill nets. One species of Chondrichthyes and 59 of the Actinopterygii (50 genera and 28 families) were reported from the Bay. The results were not significantly different from those of the Paranagua Bay, except by the lower number of species. These differences appear related to distinct collection efforts and the extension of surveyed areas. No species can be considered endemic to the region. Tipically freshwater species were not collected.Resumo em Inglês:
Reproductive and biometrical analyses were pertormed on 1629 individuals of P. corvinaeformis collected monthly from October 1993 to September 1996, at Guaratuba Bay, Southern Brazilian coast. The results indicate that the species is more abundant in the mangrove area during winter, when the largest individuais were collected, and spring, when the water temperature is lower and the salinity higher than summer or autumn. The relationship of body weight to body length, for grouped sexes, is "lnTW= -12,0456 + 3,1831 lnTL". The monthly Condition Factor is highest during summer and lowest during winter. It is suggested that P. corvinaeformis is present in the mangrove area during a specific etape of its life cycle and does not use this area to maturation and spawn.Resumo em Inglês:
Body fluid ionic content of fishes varies with ambient. Variations in the plasmatic ionic concentration have also been related with sex or maturation cycle, once that reproduction modifies metabolic processes. In fishes, the gallbladder is an important osmoregulatory organ. So, the present work has been focused on the relation of plasmatic and biliar electrolytes with sex and maturation cycle, of the teleost fish Prochilodus scrofa at the resting and mature stages of gonadal cycle. The animals (28 males and 30 females) were collected at Cachoeira de Emas (Pirassununga, São Paulo) and they were fasted for three days before the experiments. Deteminations of Na+, K+, Mg++, and Ca++ were made by spectophotometry and Cl- by microtitulation. Comparisons of ionic content between sex and maturation cycle were assessed using analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls test. In this work it was seen that in males and females at resting and mature stages, there are no difference at ionic plasmatic content. K+ contents were higher in the bile of mature males than in resting ones. Mg++ biliar contents were higher in resting males than in resting and mature males. Na+, Ca++ e Cl- contents have no difference. Na+, K+, Ca++ and Mg++ contents were higher in the bile than in the plasma. Cl- content was higher in plasma than in bile. Variations related with proteic synthesis, and another metabolic processes during cycle, may be the reason of variations in the biliar ionic content.Resumo em Inglês:
A study of the temporal distribution of the decapod populations from a rocky shore at Farol Isle, Matinhos, State of Paraná, Brazil (25o51'S e48o32'W) was carried out. The rocky shore is 13m wide when the tidal level is zero meter and about 8o inclination. In the supralittoral, the rocky basins is mostly covered by a layer of litter coming from the terrestrial environment. In the midlittoral and upper infralittoral, the rocky slope is overlayed by boulders and pebbles and they constitute a highly complex environment of crevices, holes and concavities; the underlayer pebbles are embedded in sand, gravel and mud. In the infralittoral fringe, macrocospic algae grow as a continuous belt. Eight samples were taken by hand, monthly, from May-90 to April-91: two from supralittoral, four from midlittoral and two from infralittoral fringe. The density was calculated as number of individuais per cubic meter of pebble piles. The air temperature oscillated from 13.0oC (May-90) to 27.0oC (March-91), the surface water temperature from 16.0oC (July-90) to 28.0oC (February-91) and salinity from 6.7‰ (November-90) to 29.4‰ (July-90). There were registered 27 species (14 brachyuran crabs, 5 anomuran crabs and 8 caridean). The total density of decapod varied from 309.28 ind.m-3 (June-90) to 1,483.22 ind.m-3 (July-90). The density oscillated according to the temperature or salinity fluctuation only in three species. High densities were correlated to the breeding months in four species. Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes, 1850) was the most numerous species and its density oscillated from 111.76 ind.m-3 (August-90) to 668.25 ind.m-3 (March-91). Eleven species occurred constantly (at least in 8 months), among which, five had a continuous breeding all year round: Synalpheus fritzmuelleri Coutière, 1909, Alpheus bouvieri A. Milne Edwards, 1878, Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, 1860, Pilumnus dasypodus Kingsley, 1879 and Petrolisthes armatus. Armases angustipes (Dana, 1852), Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) and Panopeus occidentalis (Saussure, 1857) showed ovigerous females during the warm months, when the surface water temperature was equal or above 24oC, whilst Panopeus americanus Saussure, 1857 and Eurypanopeus abbreviatus Stimpson, 1860, equal or above 20oC. Despite of the constant occurrence of the porcelain crab Petrolisthes galalhinus (Bosc, 1801), it was not possible to infer its breeding period due to the absence of ovigerous females and the presence of juveniles only in a few samples.Resumo em Inglês:
The twenty species of butterflies (diurnal Lepidoptera) considered as threatened in the Minas Gerais (by statute) are described and discussed in relation to distribution, appearance and known records.Resumo em Inglês:
Hexapanopeus heblingi sp.n. is described in base of an adult male reared in the laboratory. This species of crab is typic of Anchieta Island, Ubatuba (23o32'S and 45o05'W), North coast of São Paulo State, Brazil.Resumo em Inglês:
The diet of Callinectes larvatus Ordway, 1863 population which occupy the mangrove of Jiribatuba, Bahia, Brazil (13o03'25"S and 38o47'38"W) is reported. The investigation of its stomachal contents showed that C. larvatus is an omnivorous species of ample feeding spectrum and presents detritivorous and opportunistic feeding strategy.