Production and benefits in carrot and vegetable cowpea associations under green manuring and spatial arrangements

Silva, Josimar Nogueora da; Bezerra Neto, Francisco; Lima, Jailma Suerda Silva de; Santos, Elizangela Cabral dos; Nunes, Renato Leandro Costa; Chaves, Aridênia Peixoto

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20200064

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 51 (4) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20200064 copy

Production and benefits in carrot and vegetable cowpea associations under green manuring and spatial arrangements¹ 1 Artigo extraído de projeto de pesquisa do orientador do primeiro autor apresentado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido/UFERSA, Mossoró-RN, Brasil

Produção e benefícios em associações de cenoura e feijão-caupi sob adubação verde e arranjos espaciais

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The use of a cropping system that provides producers with better land use, higher productivity per unit area, greater diversification in production, and, consequently, agro-economic advantages, is the choice of many vegetable producers. To meet the demands of these producers, experiments were conducted under field conditions in a semi-arid environment to evaluate the production and agro-economic benefits of carrot x vegetable cowpea associations as a function of green manuring with biomass of Merremia aegyptia L., a spontaneous species from the Caatinga biome, in different spatial arrangements at two cropping years. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with treatments arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first studied factor was the amounts of M. aegyptia biomass (20, 35, 50, and 65 t ha^-1 on a dry basis), while the second factor was the spatial planting arrangements (2:2, 3:3, and 4:4), corresponding to rows of carrot alternated with rows of vegetable cowpea. The production optimization of the carrot and cowpea cultures was achieved with the incorporation of the M. aegyptia biomass amounts of 32.69 and 50.17 t ha^-1, respectively, and agro-economic optimization of the entire intercropping system was obtained at a biomass amount of 34.66 t ha^-1. The spatial planting arrangement of 2:2 resulted in the greatest agro-economic efficiency of the crop association.

Key words:
Daucus carota; Vigna unguiculata; Crop association; Agro-economic efficiency

Sources of variation	DMS	DMR	PTR	PCR	PRL	PRM	PRC	PScR
Sources of variation	t ha^-1
Blocks (Cropping years)	0.91^ns ns P>0.05.	1.30^ns ns P>0.05.	1.29^ns ns P>0.05.	1.25^ns ns P>0.05.	0.97^ns ns P>0.05.	0.42^ns ns P>0.05.	1.50^ns ns P>0.05.	0.89^ns ns P>0.05.
Cropping years (Y)	66.87^ P<0.01;	0.00^ns ns P>0.05.	0.10^ns ns P>0.05.	0.86^ns ns P>0.05.	3.06^ns ns P>0.05.	0.00^ns ns P>0.05.	13.72^ P<0.01;	6.16^* * P<0.05;
Amounts of M. aegyptia (Q)	10.31^ P<0.01;	0.59^ns ns P>0.05.	11.69^ P<0.01;	11.10^ P<0.01;	4.59^ P<0.01;	3.31^* * P<0.05;	2.75^* * P<0.05;	6.49^ P<0.01;
Spatial arrangements (A)	2.85^ns ns P>0.05.	5.24^ P<0.01;	3.10^* * P<0.05;	3.07^* * P<0.05;	1.40^ns ns P>0.05.	1.34^ns ns P>0.05.	1.03^ns ns P>0.05.	0.21^ns ns P>0.05.
Y x Q	1.13^ns ns P>0.05.	0.93^ns ns P>0.05.	1.27^ns ns P>0.05.	0.94^ns ns P>0.05.	0.20^ns ns P>0.05.	0.42^ns ns P>0.05.	0.13^ns ns P>0.05.	1.39^ns ns P>0.05.
Y x A	0.09^ns ns P>0.05.	0.60^ns ns P>0.05.	2.25^ns ns P>0.05.	1.48^ns ns P>0.05.	1.23^ns ns P>0.05.	1.06^ns ns P>0.05.	0.53^ns ns P>0.05.	0.74^ns ns P>0.05.
Q x A	1.10^ns ns P>0.05.	0.95^ns ns P>0.05.	0.78^ns ns P>0.05.	1.03^ns ns P>0.05.	0.51^ns ns P>0.05.	0.95^ns ns P>0.05.	1.07^ns ns P>0.05.	1.32^ns ns P>0.05.
Y x Q x A	0.83^ns ns P>0.05.	0.92^ns ns P>0.05.	1.66^ns ns P>0.05.	1.63^ns ns P>0.05.	0.24^ns ns P>0.05.	1.39^ns ns P>0.05.	0.33^ns ns P>0.05.	0.50^ns ns P>0.05.
CV (%)	16.23	17.73	10.18	11.22	28.85	17.45	34.86	32.69
Cropping years	Mean values
1	4.45 a^† † Means followed by different lowercase letters within a column differ statistically by F or Tukey's test at the 5% probability level	2.20 a	28.23 a	27.19 a	13.15 a	11.68 a	2.36 b	1.04 b
2	3.39 b	2.19 a	28.05 a	26.62 a	11.86 a	11.68 a	3.08 a	1.43 a
	Spatial arrangement
2:2	3.70 a	2.04 b	27.21 b	25.92 b	11.85 a	11.20 a	2.87 a	1.29 a
3:3	4.01 a	2.19 a	28.22 a	27.05 a	12.34 a	11.94 a	2.77 a	1.17 a
4:4	4.05 a	2.38 a	28.99 a	27.77 a	13.33 a	11.90 a	2.54 a	1.22 a

Sources of variation	NGGP	W100GG	YGG	DMGG
Blocks (Cropping years)	1.29^ns ns P > 0.05	1.37^ns ns P > 0.05	0.93^ns ns P > 0.05	1.99^ns ns P > 0.05
Cropping years (Y)	39.04^ P < 0.01;	4.75^* * P < 0.05;	158.25^ P < 0.01;	107.75^ P < 0.01;
Amounts of M. aegyptia (Q)	13.39^ P < 0.01;	6.20^ P < 0.01;	34.86^ P < 0.01;	27.59^ P < 0.01;
Spatial arrangements (A)	1.45^ns ns P > 0.05	1.06^ns ns P > 0.05	136.87^ P < 0.01;	2.98^ns ns P > 0.05
Y x Q	1.52^ns ns P > 0.05	0.29^ns ns P > 0.05	1.16^ns ns P > 0.05	1.13^ns ns P > 0.05
Y x A	0.17^ns ns P > 0.05	0.15^ns ns P > 0.05	24.89^ P < 0.01;	2.91^ns ns P > 0.05
Q x A	1.37^ns ns P > 0.05	1.58^ns ns P > 0.05	2.94^* * P < 0.05;	1.07^ns ns P > 0.05
Y x Q x A	0.87^ns ns P > 0.05	0.65^ns ns P > 0.05	1.50^ns ns P > 0.05	0.89^ns ns P > 0.05
CV (%)	8.19	5.00	18.27	22.52

Cropping years	YGG (t ha^-1)
	Spatial arrangements
	2:2	3:3	4:4
1	1.55b A^* * Means followed by different lowercase letters within a column or uppercase letter within a row differ statistically by F or Tukey's test at the 5% probability level	1.09b B	0.89b B
2	2.84a A	1.62a B	1.25a C
	Amounts of M. aegyptia (t ha^-1)
20	1.51 A	0.89 B	0.79 B
35	2.27 A	1.50 B	0.95 C
50	2.70 A	1.56 B	1.32 B
65	2.28 A	1.48 B	1.22 B
Cropping years	NGGP	W100GG (g)	DMGG (t ha^-1)
1	9.60 b	38.85 a	0.63 b
2	10.70 a	37.99 b	1.02 a
	Spatial arrangements
2:2	10.00 a	38.09 a	0.88 a
3:3	10.10 a	38.38 a	0.77 b
4:4	10.34 a	38.78 a	0.82 ab

Sources of variation	LEC	MER
Blocks (Cropping years)	0.57^ns ns P>0.05	1.14^ns ns P>0.05
Cropping years (Y)	188.75^ P<0.01;	2.26^* * P<0.05;
Amounts of M. aegyptia (Q)	30.52^ P<0.01;	16.12^ P<0.01;
Spatial arrangements (A)	74.98^ P<0.01;	1.36^ns ns P>0.05
Y x Q	0.80^ns ns P>0.05	1.08^ns ns P>0.05
Y x A	24.23^ P<0.01;	0.36^ns ns P>0.05
Q x A	2.71^* * P<0.05;	0.68^ns ns P>0.05
Y x Q x A	0.30^ns ns P>0.05	1.15^ns ns P>0.05
CV (%)	19.61	9.58

Cropping years	LEC
	Spatial arrangement
	2:2	3:3	4:4
1	0.60b A	0.50b AB	0.41 bB
2	1.26a A	0.79a B	0.62 aC
Amounts of M. aegyptia (t ha^-1)	2:2	3:3	4:4
20	0.66 A	0.40 B	0.38 B
35	1.11 A	0.77 B	0.50 C
50	1.08 A	0.76 B	0.64 B
65	0.87 A	0.66 B	0.56 B
Cropping years	MER
1	0.92 a
2	0.88 b
	Spatial arrangements
2:2	0.92 a
3:3	0.89 a
4:4	0.89 a

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