Intercropping maize and cowpea cultivars: II. Dry grain yield

Silva, Marcos Antônio Leite da; Lima e Silva, Paulo Sérgio; Oliveira, Vianney Reinaldo de; Sousa, Roberto Pequeno de; Silva, Jaeveson da

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20200066

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 51 (4) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20200066 copy

Intercropping maize and cowpea cultivars: II. Dry grain yield¹ 1 Trabalho extraído da Tese do primeiro autor apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecnia, Departamento de Ciências Agronômicas e Florestais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido; Trabalho realizado com o apoio do CNPq

Consorciação de cultivares de milho e feijão-caupi: II. Rendimentos de grãos secos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

There is interest in identifying the best maize and cowpea cultivars to be used in monocropped and intercropping systems for the production of dry grain. In order to meet this interest, two monocrops of cowpea (the traditional varieties, Corujinha and Sempre Verde) were evaluated with two monocrops of maize (the AG 1051 double hybrid and the AL Bandeirante variety) and four intercrops (combinations of the cowpea varieties and the maize cultivars). Under the intercropping systems, the maize and cowpea occupied alternating rows. A completely randomized block design with six replications was used. Grain growth and yield were higher in the AG 1051 hybrid than in the AL Bandeirante variety in both the monocropped and intercropping systems. For medium-sized maize grain, the growth and yield were higher in the monocrops than in the intercrops. It is unimportant which variety of cowpea, Corujinha or Sempre Verde, is used with each maize cultivar in the intercropping systems, as there was no interaction between the maize cultivars and the cowpea cultivars. In the monocropped systems, the grain yield of the Corujinha cultivar was greater than that of the Sempre Verde cultivar. Mean grain yield in the monocrops was greater than in the intercrops. Both cowpea cultivars showed better performance when intercropped with the AL Bandeirante maize cultivar than with the AG 1051 cultivar. The value of the land equivalent ratio was greater than 1.0 only for the combination of the AL Bandeirante variety of maize and the Sempre Verde variety of cowpea.

Key words:
Zea mays ; Vigna unguiculata ; Monocrops; Land Equivalent Ratio

Month	Air temperature (ºC)			Radiation (mj m^-2 day^-1)	Rainfall(mm)	Relative humidity (%)
Month	Maximum	Mean	Minimum	Radiation (mj m^-2 day^-1)	Rainfall(mm)	Maximum	Minimum
January	30.9	24.5	20.9	14.38	184.6	94	87
February	30.6	24.5	21.3	12.70	246.2	94	88
March	30.7	24.7	21.6	13.01	278.2	95	89
April	31.7	25.2	21.9	13.52	145.2	98	91
May	33.2	25.6	21.5	13.72	134.2	96	90
Total	-	-	-	67.33	988.4	-	-

Depth (cm)	pH in H₂0	P	K	Ca	Mg	Al	H + Al	S	T	V%	OM %
Depth (cm)	pH in H₂0	mg/dm³		---------------------- cmol_c/dm³ -------------------							OM %
0 - 5	5.6	3.96	60	1.6	0.6	0.1	2.97	2.35	5.32	44.21	2.1
5 - 10	5.5	3.96	46	1.3	0.6	0.3	3.47	2.02	5.48	36.80	1.8
10 - 20	5.7	3.08	58	1.4	0.3	0.3	2.64	1.85	4.49	41.18	1.6
20 - 40	5.7	3.08	56	1.0	0.5	0.2	1.82	1.64	3.46	47.52	1.6

Depth (cm)	Sand	Clay	Silt
Depth (cm)	--------------------------------------------------- % ---------------------------------------------------
0 - 5	70.84	10.82	18.34
5 - 10	82.50	10.82	6.68
10 - 20	77.50	10.82	11.68
20 - 40	70.84	10.82	18.34

Source of variation	DF	Mean squares
		Ear dimensions (cm)		Height (cm)		Shoot dry matter (kg ha^-1)
		Length	Diameter	Plant	Ear insertion	Shoot dry matter (kg ha^-1)
Blocks	5	0.98^ns	1.31^ns	168.83^ns	133.72^ns	1149201.0^ns
Treatments	5	8.31**	68.01**	6919.83**	4019.98**	10797559.2**
Monocrops	1	2.08^ns	87.91**	10680.33**	7105.33**	14399252.1**
Monocrops vs. Intercrops	1	2.35^ns	0.64^ns	1241.68**	21.13^ns	35302403.6**
Intercrops	3	12.38**	83.83**	7559.04**	4324.49**	1428713.4^ns
Intercropped maize (mean values for the cowpea cultivars)	1	35.04**	248.20**	22632.04**	12742.04**	3396032.7*
Intercropped maize (mean values for each cowpea cultivar)	1	0.04^ns	0.02^ns	5.04^ns	9.38^ns	873253.5^ns
Maize x cowpea interaction	1	2.04^ns	3.27^ns	40.04^ns	222.0^ns	16854.0^ns
Error	25	0.92	1.31	122.31		764776.3

Comparison		Ear dimensions (cm)		Height (cm)		Shoot dry matter (kg ha^-1)
Comparison		Length	Diameter	Plant	Ear insertion	Shoot dry matter (kg ha^-1)
Monocropped maize cultivars	AG 1051	14 a	5.0 a	210 a	111 a	5795 a
Monocropped maize cultivars	AL Bandeirante	13 a	4.5 b	151 b	63 b	3604 b
Intercropped maize (mean values for the cowpea cultivars)	AG 1051	16 a	5.1 a	199 a	108 a	2975 a
Intercropped maize (mean values for the cowpea cultivars)	AL Bandeirante	13 b	4.4 b	137 b	62 b	2223 b
Intercropped maize (mean values for each cowpea cultivar)	Corujinha	14 a	4.7 a	168 a	85 a	2408 a
Intercropped maize (mean values for each cowpea cultivar)	Sempre Verde	14 a	4.8 a	167 a	86 a	2790 a
Monocrops vs. Intercrops	Monocrop	14 a	4.7 a	180 a	87 a	4699 a
Monocrops vs. Intercrops	Intercrop	14 a	4.8 a	168 b	85 a	2599 b
Coefficient of variation (%)		6.8	2.4	6.4	9.7	24.0

Source of variation	DF	Grain yield	Number of	Number of	100-grain
		(kg ha^-1)	ears ha^-1	grain ear^-1	weight (g)
		Mean squares
Blocks	5	114992.9^ns	5816022.6^ns	4251.9^ns	36.3^ns
Treatments	5	12066249.0**	893971921.9**	25892.8**	201.6**
Monocrops	1	9156027.0**	13033336.3^ns	9747.0*	308.1**
Monocrops vs. Intercrops	1	35528235.1**	4435187350.2**	2403.6^ns	22.2^ns
Intercrops	3	5215660.9**	7212974.3^ns	39104.4**	226.0**
Intercropped maize (mean values for the cowpea cultivars)	1	15451335.4**	14315970.7^ns	110432.7**	669.9**
Intercropped maize (mean values for each cowpea cultivar)	1	27812.0^ns	2824948.2^ns	864.0^ns	7.7^ns
Maize x cowpea interaction	1	167835.4^ns	4498004.2^ns	6016.7^ns	0.2^ns
Error	25	69049.2	4674657.6	1831.8	13.8

Comparison		Grain yield (kg ha^-1)	Number of ears ha^-1	Number of grains ear^-1	100-grain weight (g)
Monocrops	AG 1051	5749 a	48751 a	501 a	38 a
Monocrops	AL Bandeirante	4002 b	46667 a	444 b	27 b
Intercropped maize (mean values for the cowpea cultivars)	AG 1051	3570 a	24936 a	558 a	39a
Intercropped maize (mean values for the cowpea cultivars)	AL Bandeirante	1965 b	23391 a	422 b	29 b
Intercropped maize (mean values for each cowpea cultivar)	Corujinha	2734 a	24506 a	484 a	34 a
Intercropped maize (mean values for each cowpea cultivar)	Sempre Verde	2802 a	23820 a	496 a	35 a
Monocrops vs. Intercrops	Monocrop	4875 a	47709 a	473 a	33 a
Monocrops vs. Intercrops	Intercrop	2768 b	24163 b	490 a	34 a
Coefficient of variation (%)		7.6	6.8	8.8	11.1

Source of variation	DF	Mean squares
Source of variation	DF	Grain yield (kg ha^-1)	(Total number of pods ha^-1)	Number of grains pod^-1	100-grain weight (g)
Blocks	5	100737.7^ns	13688752964.6^ns	1.87^ns	3.28^ns
Treatments	5	738198.1**	227129285898.1**	6.40**	62.75**
Monocrops	1	1584133.3**	537942834530.1**	6.75**	132.67**
Monocrops vs. Intercrops	1	1507716.1**	458659292028.1**	10.13**	0.07^ns
Intercrops	3	199713.7^ns	46348100977.4*	5.04**	60.34**
Intercropped cowpea (Mean values for the maize cultivars)	1	215651.0^ns	84490785333.4*	15.04**	174.42**
Intercropped cowpea (Mean value for cowpea cultivar)	1	379765.0*	54312857265.4*	0.04^ns	5.51^ns
Cowpea x maize interaction	1	3725.0^ns	240660333.4^ns	0.04^ns	1.08^ns
Error	25	73688.9	11582014021.0	0.59	4.57

Comparison		Grain yield (kg ha^-1)	Number of pods ha^-1	100-grain weight (g)	Number of grains pod^-1
Monocropped cowpea cultivars	Corujinha	1346 a	693741 a	15 b	16 a
Monocropped cowpea cultivars	Sempre Verde	620 b	270286 b	22 a	15 b
Intercropped cowpea culktivars (Mean values for the maize cultivars)	Corujinha	644 a	301905 a	15 b	18 a
	Sempre Verde	454 a	183238 b	21 a	16 b
Intercropped cowpea cultivars (Mean value for each maize cultivar)	AG 1051	423 b	195000 b	18 a	17 a
	AL Bandeirante	675 a	290143 a	19 a	17 a
Monocrops vs. Intercrops	Monocrop	983 a	482013 a	18 a	16 b
Monocrops vs. Intercrops	Intercrop	549 b	242571 b	18 a	17 a
Coefficient of variation (%)		39.2	33.4	11.7	4.7

Cultivar		Land equivalent ratio (LER)
Maize	Cowpea	Land equivalent ratio (LER)
AG 1051	Corujinha	1.04^ns
AL Bandeirantes	Corujinha	1.15^ns
AG 1051	Sempre Verde	1.25^ns
AL Bandeirantes	Sempre Verde	1.55*
Coefficient of variation		25.35

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