Physico-chemical characteristics of the oil from macauba kernels stored after drying at different temperatures<sup/>

Carvalho, Marcela Silva; Corrêa, Paulo Cesar; Silva, Gutierres Nelson; Sousa, Adalberto Hipólito de; Lopes, Lucas Martins

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20230001

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 54 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20230001 copy

Physico-chemical characteristics of the oil from macauba kernels stored after drying at different temperatures¹ 1 Part of the doctoral thesis presented to the Graduate Course in Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), funded by the Research Support Foundation of the State of Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG

Características físico-químicas do óleo de amêndoas de macaúba armazenadas após secagem em diferentes temperaturas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Studies of post-harvest storage and drying in macauba fruit (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Mart) are still in the early stages. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of drying on the quality of macauba kernel oil during storage. Drying was carried out under three different air temperatures: 40°C, 50°C and 60°C. Four replications were used for each temperature. After drying, the kernels were stored for 0, 60, 120, 240 and 360 days, and the following physico-chemical analyses were carried out for each period: kernel oil content, acidity index, oxidative stability, water activity and oil colour. An increase in storage time resulted in an increase in the acidity index and a reduction in the oxidative stability of the oil in all treatments. The mean value for water activity in the oil ranged from 0.56 to 0.68. The mean values of the L* and b* coordinates did not differ from the control, except for the storage times of 0 and 60 days. There was a difference in the a* coordinate between the drying processes when compared to the control. No significant differences were seen for oil content. It was concluded that drying can be efficient tool in controlling the quality of kernel oil during storage.

Key words
Acrocomia aculeata; Post-harvest; Dehydration; Oil quality.

Treatment	Storage time (days)
Treatment	0	60	120	240	360
ND (control)	67.15	65.59	64.87	61.09	45.79
40 °C	59.54^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	56.86^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	55.83^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	51.62^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	27.60^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
50 °C	71.44	57.11^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	53.90^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	52.69^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	50.10
60 °C	63.78	64.61	62.93	55.15^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	43.27

Variable	Treatment	Fitted equation	R²
Acidity index	Control	ŷ = 0.2304 + 0.0015^* * Significant at 5%, x	0.82
	40 °C	ŷ = 0.1556 + 0.0017^ significant at 1%, significant at 10% by t-test x	0.97
	50 °C	ŷ = 0.2233 + 0.0007x	0.71
	60 °C	ŷ = 0.2371 + 0.0010^ significant at 1%, significant at 10% by t-test x	0.98
Estabilidade oxidativa	Control	ŷ = 66.0731 + 0.0250x - 0.0002^* * Significant at 5%, x²	0.97
	40 °C	ŷ = 57.5642 + 0.0437x + 0.0003x²	0.96
	50 °C	ŷ = 71.2413 + 0.0601^* * Significant at 5%, x - 2.2158^* * Significant at 5%, x^1/2	0.99
	60 °C	ŷ = 64.1585 + 0.0111x - 0.0002^* * Significant at 5%, x²	0.99

Treatment	Storage time (days)
Treatment	0	60	120	240	360
ND (control)^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	0.16	0.44	0.31	0.67	0.72
40 °C	0.18	0.25^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	0.29	0.60	0.75
50 °C	0.18	0.31	0.25	0.47^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	0.42^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
60 °C	0.23	0.30	0.34	0.42^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	0.58^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test

Drying temperature	Water content (%)
Drying temperature	BD	AD
No drying	13.35 ± 0.03^* * mean ± SE	-
40 °C	13.79 ± 0.01	5.5
50 °C	13.20 ± 0.03	5.5
60 °C	13.20 ± 0.03	5.5

Treatment	Storage time (days)
Treatment	0	60	120	240	360
ND (control)^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	56.20	45.55	53.01	52.28	53.31
40 °C	49.63^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	56.61^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	52.09	52.99	50.28
50 °C	47.00^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	58.85^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	53.90	55.79	48.53^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
60 °C	50.92^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	41.88	54.12	54.97	52.06

Treatment	Storage time (days)
Treatment	0	60	120	240	360
ND (control)^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	0.62	0.66	0.60	0.61	0.66
40 °C	0.60	0.68	0.60	0.66	0.68
50 °C	0.60	0.66	0.59	0.64	0.65
60 °C	0.57	0.66	0.56	0.63	0.64

Treatment	L^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
Treatment	0	60	120	240	360
ND (control)^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	52.26	58.16	59.49	42.82	56.92
40 °C	46.46^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	56.34	60.30	43.18	55.32
50 °C	53.92	43.83^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	59.63	43.50	53.65
60 °C	52.80	45.70^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	59.69	42.65	52.90^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
Treatment	a^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
Treatment	0	60	120	240	360
ND (control)^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-0.45	-1.10	-0.90	-0.40	-0.57
40 °C	-0.37	-0.99	-1.07^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-0.11^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-0.74^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
50 °C	-0.92^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-0.38^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-1.13^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-0.09^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-0.62
60 °C	-1.06^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-0.42^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-1.01	-0.11^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	-0.35^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
Treatment	b^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test
Treatment	0	60	120	240	360
ND (control)^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	3.31	6.45	5.65	2.85	6.12
40 °C	7.57^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	8.04	5.82	2.33	6.58
50 °C	6.09^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	2.46^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	6.69	1.36	5.91
60 °C	9.04^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	1.81^* * in a column differ (p < 0.05) from the value of the treatment with no drying (ND), by Dunnett’s test	6.00	4.12	5.18

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[1] Editor-in-Article: Prof. Alek Sandro Dutra - alekdutra@ufc.br