Critical limits of soil physical attributes for corn and black oat in a Xanthic Hapludox

Bareta Junior, Eloi; Genú, Aline Marques; Rampim, Leandro; Umburanas, Renan Caldas; Pott, Cristiano Andre

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20220003

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 53 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20220003 copy

Critical limits of soil physical attributes for corn and black oat in a Xanthic Hapludox¹ 1 Part of the first author’s dissertation, presented to Postgraduate Program in Agronomy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná.

Limites críticos dos atributos físicos do solo para milho e aveia preta em um Latossolo Bruno

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Soil compaction can decrease potential crop yield and is frequently found in no-till cultivation systems, but there is little information on the critical limits of soil physical properties in these conditions, especially in subtropical soils. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of tractor traffic on soil physical properties and identifies critical limits of soil bulk density, soil compaction degree, macro, and microporosity on crop yield of corn and black oat assessed in situ in a Xanthic Hapludox in Southern Brazil. Tractor machine traffic (0, 2, 5 and 20 passes) was established in no-till soil to create different soil compaction levels. Undisturbed soil samples were collected at depths of 0.00-0.05, 0.07-0.12 and 0.17-0.22 m just after tractor traffic in two moments: before corn cultivation, and then before black oat cultivation. Under the conditions of this experiment, the 10% higher yields of corn and black oats were obtained with macroporosity above 0.10 m³ m^-3 and 0.13 m³ m^-3, respectively. Similarly, the soil compactness degrees of 90% and 86% were considered critical for the corn and black oat, respectively. In addition, soil compaction by machine traffic reduced maize yield up to 33% and black oat biomass yield up to 44%. Our results demonstrate that growers should be aware of the consequences of machine traffic on soil properties, as it can severely compromise crop yields, especially of corn and black oats cultivated in very clayey soil like the one evaluated in this study.

Keywords:
Soil bulk density; Macroporosity; Microporosity; Soil degree of compactness

Soil physical properties	Machine traffic (n^o passes)	Before corn			Before black oat
		Soil depth (m)
		0.00-0.05	0.07-0.12	0.17-0.22	0.00-0.05	0.07-0.12	0.17-0.22
Bulk Density (Mg m^-3)	0	1.00 bAB^* *Uppercase letter on the line and lowercase letter in the column classify the means by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). ns: not significant. The statistical comparison is within each crop	0.96 bB	1.01 bA	1.10 aA	1.04bB	1.04bB
	2	1.13 aA	1.05 aB	1.03 bB	1.12 aA	1.06 bB	1.04 bB
	5	1.15 aA	1.07 aB	1.03 bB	1.13 aA	1.11 aA	1.05 abB
	20	1.18 aA	1.10 aB	1.09 aB	1.11 aA	1.11 aA	1.08 aA
Degree of compactness (%)	0	84 bAB	80 bB	84 bA	92 aA	86 bB	86 bB
	2	95 aA	87 aB	85 bB	94 aA	88 bB	86 bB
	5	96 aA	89 aB	85 bB	95 aA	92 aA	87 abB
	20	99 aA	92 aB	90 aB	93 aA	92 aA	89 aA
Macroporosity (m³ m^-3)	0	0.15 aB	0.20 aA	0.14 aB	0.07 abB	0.13 aA	0.12 aA
	2	0.08 bB	0.12 bA	0.11 aA	0.07 abB	0.13 aA	0.12 aA
	5	0.09 bB	0.11 bA	0.11 aA	0.06 bB	0.11 abA	0.12 aA
	20	0.07 bB	0.10 bA	0.07 bB	0.08 aB	0.10 bA	0.10 bAB
Microporosity (m³ m^-3)	0	0.47 bA	0.43 bB	0.48 cA	0.50 abA	0.48 aA	0.49 aA
	2	0.51 aA	0.48 aB	0.50 bAB	0.53 aA	0.47 aB	0.49 aB
	5	0.50 aAB	0.47 aB	0.51 bA	0.50 abA	0.48 aA	0.49 aA
	20	0.50 aB	0.49 aB	0.53 aA	0.48 bB	0.49 aAB	0.52 aA
Total porosity (m³ m^-3)	0	0.62^ns	0.63^ns	0.62^ns	0.57^ns	0.61^ns	0.61^ns
	2	0.59	0.61	0.62	0.60	0.59	0.61
	5	0.58	0.59	0.62	0.56	0.59	0.61
	20	0.58	0.59	0.60	0.56	0.59	0.61

Machine traffic (no. of passes)	Corn grain yield (Mg ha^-1)	Black oat dry matter (Mg ha^-1)
0	11.7 a^* * Lowercase letter in the column classify the averages by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05)	6.1 a
2	10.8 a	4.6 b
5	11.8 a	4.1 b
20	7.8 b	3.4 b

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[1] Prof. Tiago Osório Ferreira - toferreira@usp.br

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Critical limits of soil physical attributes for corn and black oat in a Xanthic Hapludox1 1 Part of the first author’s dissertation, presented to Postgraduate Program in Agronomy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná.

Limites críticos dos atributos físicos do solo para milho e aveia preta em um Latossolo Bruno

ABSTRACT

Critical limits of soil physical attributes for corn and black oat in a Xanthic Hapludox¹ 1 Part of the first author’s dissertation, presented to Postgraduate Program in Agronomy, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná.