Zeolite supplementation effects on lamb growth and gastrointestinal nematode infection, and economic analysis

Esteves, Sérgio Novita; Chagas, Ana Carolina de Souza; Oliveira, Márcia Cristina de Sena; Barioni Júnior, Waldomiro; Bernardi, Alberto C. de Campos

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20220004

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Scientific Article • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 53 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20220004 copy

Zeolite supplementation effects on lamb growth and gastrointestinal nematode infection, and economic analysis¹ 1 Trabalho de pesquisa financiado pela Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)

Efeitos da suplementação com zeólita sobre o crescimento de cordeiros, infecção de nematoides gastrointestinais e análise econômica

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Zeolite as a dietary supplement can improve animal resistance and resilience against gastrointestinal parasites. The effects of different levels of zeolite supplementation on gastrointestinal nematode infection, growth performance, and economic viability of male and female Santa Ines lambs were investigated. Four zeolite levels (0, 25, 50, and 75 g per day) were fed to 110 day-old animals in a randomized block experimental design. Eggs per gram of feces (EPG), total serum protein (TSP), and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured individually every week. The animals were weighed every 14 days and coprocultures were prepared. Male animals that reached an average live weight of 34 kg were harvested. The economic viability analysis of the experimental diets was based on feedlot periods of 56 and 91 days. Dietary supplementation with zeolite did not significantly mitigate infections by nematodes and did not affect TSP, PCV, or feedlot lamb growth performance. Therefore, zeolite was not an effective (P > 0.05) dietary supplement for avoiding gastrointestinal nematode infection or improving growth performance. Male animals slaughtered after 56 days of feeding were more economically viable (P < 0.05) than those slaughtered after 91 days. Feedlotting demonstrated that male animals had superior performance (P < 0.05) and better economic (P < 0.05) results than female animals.

Keywords:
Stilbite; Santa Inês lamb; Meat production; Performance; Profit

Variables	Zeolite supplementation (g per animal per day)
Variables	0	25	50	75
PCV (%)	29.97 ± 0.89	29.83 ± 0.85	30.91 ± 0.86	30.72 ± 0.87
TSP (g/dL-¹)	5.63 ± 0.096	5.52 ± 0.092	5.75 ± 0.093	5.58 ± 0.093

Nematode	Zeolite supplementation (g per animal per day)				Total
Nematode	0	25	50	75	Total
			%
Haemonchus contortus	74.6	66.4	80.2	81.6	75.7
Trichostrongylus sp.	23.4	29.6	19.2	15.8	22.0
Cooperia sp.	2.0	4.0	0.6	2.6	2.3

Variables	Zeolite supplementation (g per animal per day)
Variables	0 (control)	25	50	75	Average¹ 1 Different letters in the same column indicate statistical differences, t-test (P < 0.05)
	Initial weight (kg)
Males	22.5 ± 1.20	23.0 ± 1.20	24.4 ± 1.20	26.2 ± 1.20	24.0 ± 0.60
Females	22.9 ± 1.31	21.9 ± 1.20	23.0 ± 1.20	22.8 ± 1.20	22.6 ± 0.61
Average	22.7 ± 0.89	22.5 ± 0.85	23.7 ± 0.85	24.5 ± 0.85	23.3 ± 0.44
	Final weight (kg)
Males	33.4 ± 0.94	33.2 ± 0.86	32.8 ± 0.87	33.3 ± 0.92	33.2 ± 0.44
Females	34.1 ± 0.87	32.9 ± 0.88	32.1 ± 0.86	34.2 ± 0.86	33.3 ± 0.45
Average	33.7 ± 0.64	33.0 ± 0.62	32.4 ± 0.61	33.8 ± 0.62	33.2 ± 0.49
	Daily average weight gain (g per animal per day)
Males	0.122 ± 0.014	0.132 ± 0.013	0.143±0.013	0.162 ± 0.013	0.140 ± 0.007A
Females	0.119 ± 0.014	0.106 ± 0.013	0.097±0.013	0.120 ± 0.013	0.111 ± 0.007B
Average	0.123 ± 0.008	0.121 ± 0.008	0.127±0.009	0.136 ± 0.011	0.125 ± 0.01

Variables	Zeolite supplementation (g per animal per day)
Variables	0 (control)	25	50	75	Average¹ 1 Different letters in the same column indicate statistical differences, t-test (P < 0.05)
	Gross Revenue
Males	88.06 ± 2.28	87.59 ± 2.27	86.45 ± 2.29	87.9 ± 2.43	87.5 ± 1.15
Females	90.04 ± 2.49	86.74 ± 2.31	84.72 ± 2.27	90.32 ± 2.28	87.95 ± 1.18
Average	89.05 ± 1.69	87.16 ± 1.63	85.59 ± 1.61	89.11 ± 1.64	87.68 ± 5.56
	Variable Costs
Males	80.07 ± 1.74	77.22 ± 1.73	74.31 ± 1.75	74.74 ± 1.85	76.59 ± 0.88 A
Females	82.73 ± 1.90	80.88 ± 1.76	80.69 ± 1.74	81.69 ± 1.74	81.5 ± 0.90 B
Average	81.40 ± 1.29	79.06 ± 1.24	77.5 ± 1.23	78.21 ± 1.25	78.96 ± 4.24
	Gross Margin
Males	7.99 ± 2.61	10.37 ± 2.59	12.14 ± 2.62	13.16 ± 2.77	10.91 ± 1.31 A
Females	7.30 ± 2.84	5.86 ± 2.63	4.03 ± 2.59	8.64 ± 2.60	6.46 ± 1.35 B
Average	7.65 ± 1.93	8.11 ± 1.86	8.08 ± 1.83	10.9 ± 1.88	8.71 ± 6.34
	Profit (%)
Males	4.86 ± 1.62	6.3 ± 1.62	7.64 ± 1.67	7.87 ± 1.76	6.67 ± 0.83 A
Females	4.07 ± 1.81	3.36 ± 1.67	2.31 ± 1.62	4.91 ± 1.62	3.66 ± 0.83 B
Average	4.44 ± 1.20	4.81 ± 1.16	4.95 ± 1.16	6.39 ± 1.16	5.19 ± 3.98
	USD/kg of live weight
Males	2.41 ± 0.07	2.36 ± 0.07	2.2 ± 0.07	2.26 ± 0.08	2.31 ± 0.04 B
Females	2,44 ± 0.08	2.48 ± 0.07	2.53 ± 0.07	2.4 ± 0.07	2.46 ± 0.04 A
Average	2.42 ± 0.06	2.42 ± 0.05	2.36 ± 0.05	2.33 ± 0.05	2.38 ± 0.18
Carcass yield (%)	20.58 ± 0.30	20.0 ± 0.29	20.34 ± 0.29	20.08 ± 0.31	20.25 ± 0.65
USD/kg of carcass	5.49 ± 0.22	5.43 ± 0.22	4.95 ± 0.22	5.04 ± 0.23	5.23 ± 0.53

Variable	0 (control)	25	50	75	Average¹ 1 Different letters in the same column indicate statistical differences, t-test, P < 0.05
Variable	g per animal per day
	Gross revenue (USD)
Males (56 days)	88.86 ± 5.69	90.70 ± 4.58	87.05 ± 3.15	89.12 ± 3.43	88.94 ± 2.41
Males (91 days)	89.94 ± 2.82	88.55 ± 3.56	90.08 ± 4.44	90.96 ± 6.25	89.88 ± 2.76
	Variable Costs (USD)
Males (56 days)	70.36 ± 1.33	68.92 ± 1.06	69.60 ± 0.73	70.49 ± 0.79	69.84 ± 0.56 B
Males (91 days)	85.06 ± 0.65	84.40 ± 0.82	85.10 ± 1.03	86.79 ± 1.44	85.34 ± 0.65 A
	Gross Margin (USD)
Males (56 days)	18.52 ± 4.98	21.78 ± 3.98	17.45 ± 2.73	18.63 ± 2.96	19.09 ± 2.09 A
Males (91 days)	4.88 ± 2.44	4.15 ± 3.09	4.98 ± 3.86	4.18 ± 5.43	4.55 ± 2.40 B
	Profit (%)
Males (56 days)	12.27 ± 2.99	14.39 ± 2.38	11.41 ± 1.63	11.84 ± 1.77	12.48 ± 1.25 A
Males (91 days)	2.35 ± 1.46	1.54 ± 1.85	2.22 ± 2.31	1.50 ± 3.25	1.90 ± 1.44 B
	USD/kg of live weight
Males (56 days)	2.08 ± 0.15	2.05 ± 0.11	2.13 ± 0.07	2.13 ± 0.07	2.10 ± 0.05 B
Males (91 days)	2.47 ± 0.05	2.52 ± 0.05	2.46 ± 0.06	2.43 ± 0.06	2.47 ± 0.03 A
	USD/kg of carcass
Males (56 days)	4.70 ± 0.52	5.48 ± 0.37	4.81 ± 0.28	5.16 ± 0.23	5.04 ± 0.18
Males (91 days)	5.60 ± 0.23	5.38 ± 0.28	5.27 ± 0.37	4.72 ± 0.52	5.24 ± 0.18

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[1] Editor-in-Article: Profa. Andrea Pereira Pinto - deiapp@hotmail.com