Air quality, sound pressure level, and thermal environment of two swine nursery styles

Freitas, Leticia Cibele da Silva Ramos; Campos, Alessandro Torres; Yanagi Junior, Tadayuki; Schiassi, Leonardo; Andrade, Rafaella Resende

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20180024

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Engenharia Agrícola • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 49 (2) • Apr-Jun 2018 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20180024 copy

Air quality, sound pressure level, and thermal environment of two swine nursery styles¹ 1 Parte da Dissertação do primeiro autor apresentada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal de Lavras/UFLA

Qualidade do ar, nível de pressão sonora e ambiente térmico em creches de suínos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Because of the importance of the ambiance in swine facilities, this study aimed to evaluate the air quality, the sound pressure level, and the thermal environment of two distinct swine nursery styles. A completely randomized block design with a split-plot arrangement was used, in which the main plots were composed of the nurseries and the external environment; the subplots were the hours; and the replications were the collection days. Air temperature data (ºC), relative humidity (%), and black globe humidity index (BGHI) data were collected throughout the day at 10-min intervals, with means compared by Tukey’s test at 0.05 probability level. Instantaneous concentrations of ammonia (ppm), carbon dioxide (ppm), and sound pressure levels (dB(C)) were measured three times daily and analyzed on boxplot graphs. The results showed no difference between the two nurseries with respect to thermal, air, and acoustic environment. The nurseries can be considered uncomfortable for the animals with respect to thermal conditions. Concentrations of gases and sound pressure levels did not exceed the limits established by current regulations. In both nurseries only at 09h00 it was possible to detect sound pressure levels that characterize the condition of comfort thermal of the environment, at the other times, alert and stress conditions were observed.

Key words:
Rural buildings; Piglets; Gases; Noise; Thermal ambience

Source of variation	DF	Air temperature (ºC)		Air relative humidity (%)		BGHI
Source of variation	DF	MS	F	MS	F	MS	F
Treatment	2	643.89	119.55*	1634.97	332.18*	202.58	12.21*
Day	32	245.97	45.67*	3653.43	71.91*	473.02	28.50*
Treatment × Day	64	5.38		50.81		16.6
Hour	23	3256.69	757.75*	27900.39	833.72*	5144	747.03*
Treatment × Hour	46	54.23	12.62*	671.72	20.07*	519.43	75.43*

Hour	Air temperature (ºC)			Air relative humidity (%)			BGHI
Hour	Nursery 1	Nursery 2	Ext. envir.	Nursery 1	Nursery 2	Ext. envir.	Nursery 1	Nursery 2	Ext. envir.
1	18.04 b	17.53 b	14.35 a	72.94 a	74.32 a	83.66 b	65 b	64 b	59 a
2	17.63 b	17.15 b	13.90 a	73.88 a	75.17 a	85.03 b	64 b	64 b	58 a
3	17.33 b	16.86 b	13.52 a	74.42 a	75.67 a	85.84 b	64 b	63 b	58 a
4	16.94 b	16.42 b	12.95 a	75.29 a	76.84 a	87.74 b	64 b	63 b	57 a
5	16.61 b	16.15 b	12.49 a	75.74 a	77.38 a	88.81 b	63 b	63 b	57 a
6	16.69 b	16.42 b	13.51 a	76.17 a	77.37 a	87.49 b	64 b	64 b	59 a
7	18.60 a	18.95 a	18.63 a	75.05 a	73.81 a	74.07 a	66 a	67 a	71 b
8	21.60 a	21.79 a	22.56 a	68.77 b	67.15 b	61.79 a	70 a	70 a	75 b
9	24.32 a	24.07 a	25.18 a	59.85 b	58.63 b	52.16 a	73 a	72 a	81 b
10	26.65 ab	26.23 a	27.55 b	52.22 b	50.77 b	44.38 a	75 a	74 a	85 b
11	28.47 ab	28.06 a	29.50 b	46.68 b	44.92 b	39.38 a	76 a	76 a	88 b
12	29.60 a	29.57 a	30.01 a	43.23 b	40.64 b	36.34 a	77 a	78 a	88 b
13	30.18 a	30.41 a	30.88 a	40.41 b	37.44 ab	33.94 a	77 a	78 a	86 b
14	30.25 a	30.62 a	31.91 b	39.15 b	36.06 b	31.40 a	77 a	78 a	82 b
15	29.90 a	30.24 a	30.85 a	38.90 b	35.56 ab	31.94 a	77 a	78 a	78 b
16	28.98 a	29.40 a	30.87 b	40.62 b	37.08 b	32.43 a	76 a	77 a	78 a
17	27.63 a	27.47 a	26.41 a	44.90 a	42.61 a	41.34 a	75 b	74 b	70 a
18	25.04 b	24.26 b	21.75 a	52.85 a	52.49 a	55.86 a	72 b	71 b	65 a
19	23.01 b	22.1 b	19.25 a	58.53 a	59.19 a	64.24 b	70 b	69 b	63 a
20	21.57 b	20.68 b	17.67 a	62.65 a	63.86 a	70.40 b	69 b	68 b	62 a
21	20.58 b	19.72 b	16.60 a	65.84 a	67.35 a	74.69 b	68 b	67 b	61 a
22	19.84 b	19.05 b	15.99 a	68.13 a	69.70 a	77.50 b	67 b	66 b	60 a
23	19.23 b	18.53 b	15.40 a	69.62 a	71.35 a	79.64 b	66 b	65 b	60 a
24	18.51 b	17.95 b	14.79 a	71.61 a	73.03 a	82.07 b	65 b	65 b	59 a

Thermal condition	Temperature (ºC)	BGHI
Comfort	22 to 26 ºC	71 to 76
Alert	27 to 30 ºC	77 to 82
Stress	> 30 ºC	> 82

Treatment	Variable	Mean	1st quartile	Median	3st quartile	IQR	Standard deviation	Coef. of variation
Nursery 1	NH₃	1.93	1.00	1.00	2.50	1.50	1.57	81.34
Nursery 2	NH₃	2.42	1.00	2.00	3.00	2.00	1.84	75.97
Nursery 1	CO₂	645.70	556.50	644.00	700.00	143.50	110.80	17.15
Nursery 2	CO₂	588.70	523.50	602.00	675.00	151.50	107.00	18.18

Treatment	Variable	Time	Mean	1st quartile	Median	3st quartile	IQR	Standard deviation	Coef. of variation
Nursery 1	NH₃	09h00	1.73	0.00	1.00	4.00	4.00	1.58	91.13
		12h00	1.67	1.00	1.00	2.00	1.00	1.40	83.84
		15h00	2.40	1.00	2.00	3.00	2.00	1.72	71.82
	CO₂	09h00	642.10	562.00	658.00	695.00	133.00	84.30	13.14
		12h00	626.80	542.00	617.00	689.00	147.00	123.20	19.66
		15h00	668.10	595.00	630.00	746.00	151.00	123.80	18.53
Nursery 2	NH₃	09h00	2.53	1.00	2.00	3.00	2.00	1.81	71.34
		12h00	2.53	1.00	2.00	3.00	2.00	2.10	82.89
		15h00	2.20	1.00	2.00	3.00	2.00	1.70	77.22
	CO₂	09h00	617.60	536.00	636.00	694.00	158.00	95.70	15.50
		12h00	577.70	453.00	570.00	683.00	230.00	124.60	21.56
		15h00	570.90	480.00	565.00	636.00	156.00	99.90	17.49

Treatment	Variable	Mean	1st Quartile	Median	3rd Quartile	IQR	Standard deviation	Coef. Of variation
Nursery 1	SPL	73.31	71.85	73.30	74.60	2.75	3.38	4.61
Nursery 2	SPL	73.27	70.60	73.60	74.90	4.30	3.46	4.72

Treatment	Variable	Time	Mean	1st Quartile	Median	3rd Quartile	IQR	Standard deviation	Coef. Of variation
Nursery 1	SPL	09:00	74.02	72.40	73.80	75.30	2.90	2.22	3.00
		12:00	72.58	69.80	72.80	73.80	4.00	4.60	6.34
		15:00	73.33	72.20	73.30	74.70	2.50	2.94	4.02
Nursery 2		09:00	74.39	71.50	74.80	76.00	4.50	3.10	4.17
		12:00	73.06	69.60	72.40	74.60	5.00	4.56	6.25
		15:00	72.37	69.80	72.40	74.30	4.50	2.21	3.05

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Air quality, sound pressure level, and thermal environment of two swine nursery styles1 1 Parte da Dissertação do primeiro autor apresentada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal de Lavras/UFLA

Qualidade do ar, nível de pressão sonora e ambiente térmico em creches de suínos

ABSTRACT

Air quality, sound pressure level, and thermal environment of two swine nursery styles¹ 1 Parte da Dissertação do primeiro autor apresentada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal de Lavras/UFLA