Physical quality of bauxite tailing after a decade of environmental recovery

Guimarães, Lorena Abdalla de Oliveira Prata; Dias, Luiz Eduardo; Rocha, Genelício Crusoé; Assis, Igor Rodrigues de; Fernandes, Raphael Bragança Alves

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20180022

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Ciência do Solo • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 49 (2) • Apr-Jun 2018 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20180022 copy

Physical quality of bauxite tailing after a decade of environmental recovery¹ 1 Parte da Dissertação de Mestrado do primeiro autor; pesquisa financiada por CAPES, FAPEMIG e Mineração Rio do Norte/MRN

Qualidade física de um rejeito de bauxita após uma década de recuperação ambiental

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Tailings from bauxite washing produced in Porto Trombetas, Pará state, a Brazilian Amazon region, have chemical and physical characteristics limiting the development of plants, which hinders to revegetate the tanks where they are deposited. This study was carried out under field conditions, and aimed to assess the physical quality of these tailings after a decade of recovery practices. Three treatments were assessed: no application of inputs and planting of seedlings (T1) and two levels of fertilization, one with lower (T2) and other with higher (T3) doses of limestone and fertilizers associated with planting tree seedlings. After ten years of experimentation, penetration resistance (PR) and substrate moisture up to 60 cm depth were assessed and the least limiting water range (LLWR), water retention curve (WRC), and pore size distribution were determined and calculated. After a decade of environmental recovery, differences in physical characteristics were observed in the tailings due to different revegetation modes. Moisture in the substrate profile, LLWR, WRC, and pore size distribution were sensitive indicators to variations in substrate physical quality. Liming, fertilization, and planting of seedlings are necessary for revegetation and improvement of the physical quality of tailings. Treatment T3 was the best intervention identified so far for tank revegetation. The absence of fertilization and planting precludes revegetation even with sources of propagules nearby.

Key words:
Revegetation; Mining; Natural regeneration.

Contrast	Penetration resistance (MPa)	Substrate moisture (kg kg^-1)
Contrast	55-60 cm	0-10 cm	10-20 cm	20-30 cm	30-40 cm	40-50 cm	50-60 cm
C₁	0.38*	0.0602**	0.0228^ns ns not significant. C1: -(T1) vs (T2+T3); C2: -(T2) vs (T3); CA1: -(T1) vs (T3). Treatments: T1) without planting of seedlings and fertilization; T2) planting of seedlings + lower level of fertilization; T3) planting of seedlings + higher level of fertilization. CV: coefficient of variation	0.0409*	0.0210*	-0.0009^ns ns not significant. C1: -(T1) vs (T2+T3); C2: -(T2) vs (T3); CA1: -(T1) vs (T3). Treatments: T1) without planting of seedlings and fertilization; T2) planting of seedlings + lower level of fertilization; T3) planting of seedlings + higher level of fertilization. CV: coefficient of variation	0.0108^ns ns not significant. C1: -(T1) vs (T2+T3); C2: -(T2) vs (T3); CA1: -(T1) vs (T3). Treatments: T1) without planting of seedlings and fertilization; T2) planting of seedlings + lower level of fertilization; T3) planting of seedlings + higher level of fertilization. CV: coefficient of variation
C₂	0.50*	0.0025^ns ns not significant. C1: -(T1) vs (T2+T3); C2: -(T2) vs (T3); CA1: -(T1) vs (T3). Treatments: T1) without planting of seedlings and fertilization; T2) planting of seedlings + lower level of fertilization; T3) planting of seedlings + higher level of fertilization. CV: coefficient of variation	-0.0183^ns ns not significant. C1: -(T1) vs (T2+T3); C2: -(T2) vs (T3); CA1: -(T1) vs (T3). Treatments: T1) without planting of seedlings and fertilization; T2) planting of seedlings + lower level of fertilization; T3) planting of seedlings + higher level of fertilization. CV: coefficient of variation	0.0076^ns ns not significant. C1: -(T1) vs (T2+T3); C2: -(T2) vs (T3); CA1: -(T1) vs (T3). Treatments: T1) without planting of seedlings and fertilization; T2) planting of seedlings + lower level of fertilization; T3) planting of seedlings + higher level of fertilization. CV: coefficient of variation	0.0003^ns ns not significant. C1: -(T1) vs (T2+T3); C2: -(T2) vs (T3); CA1: -(T1) vs (T3). Treatments: T1) without planting of seedlings and fertilization; T2) planting of seedlings + lower level of fertilization; T3) planting of seedlings + higher level of fertilization. CV: coefficient of variation	-0.0201^ns ns not significant. C1: -(T1) vs (T2+T3); C2: -(T2) vs (T3); CA1: -(T1) vs (T3). Treatments: T1) without planting of seedlings and fertilization; T2) planting of seedlings + lower level of fertilization; T3) planting of seedlings + higher level of fertilization. CV: coefficient of variation	-0.0269^ns ns not significant. C1: -(T1) vs (T2+T3); C2: -(T2) vs (T3); CA1: -(T1) vs (T3). Treatments: T1) without planting of seedlings and fertilization; T2) planting of seedlings + lower level of fertilization; T3) planting of seedlings + higher level of fertilization. CV: coefficient of variation
C_A1	0.63*	0.0615**	0.0137^ns ns not significant. C1: -(T1) vs (T2+T3); C2: -(T2) vs (T3); CA1: -(T1) vs (T3). Treatments: T1) without planting of seedlings and fertilization; T2) planting of seedlings + lower level of fertilization; T3) planting of seedlings + higher level of fertilization. CV: coefficient of variation	0.0447*	0.0212*	-0.0109^ns ns not significant. C1: -(T1) vs (T2+T3); C2: -(T2) vs (T3); CA1: -(T1) vs (T3). Treatments: T1) without planting of seedlings and fertilization; T2) planting of seedlings + lower level of fertilization; T3) planting of seedlings + higher level of fertilization. CV: coefficient of variation	-0.0027^ns ns not significant. C1: -(T1) vs (T2+T3); C2: -(T2) vs (T3); CA1: -(T1) vs (T3). Treatments: T1) without planting of seedlings and fertilization; T2) planting of seedlings + lower level of fertilization; T3) planting of seedlings + higher level of fertilization. CV: coefficient of variation
CV	7.2%	5.5%	10.1%	6.3%	2.5%	5.1%	4.7%

Contrast	Diameter class (µm)
	>50	50-10	10-0.2	<0.2	>50	50-10	10-0.2	<0.2
	-------------------------- m³ m^-3 ---------------------------				----------------------------- % -----------------------------
C₁	0.0732**	-0.0413^ns	0.0230^ns	0.0101^ns	11.31**	-9.68^ns	3.24^ns	-4.87^ns
C₂	-0.0221^ns	0.0054^ns	0.0109^ns	-0.0082^ns	-3.30^ns	1.22^ns	2.22^ns	-0.15^ns
C_A1	0.0621**	-0.0385^ns	0.0284^ns	0.0060^ns	9.66**	-9.07^ns	4.35^ns	-4.94^ns
CV (%)	8.72	43.91	29.86	5.37	9.56	46.24	32.37	5.33

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Physical quality of bauxite tailing after a decade of environmental recovery1 1 Parte da Dissertação de Mestrado do primeiro autor; pesquisa financiada por CAPES, FAPEMIG e Mineração Rio do Norte/MRN

Qualidade física de um rejeito de bauxita após uma década de recuperação ambiental

ABSTRACT

Physical quality of bauxite tailing after a decade of environmental recovery¹ 1 Parte da Dissertação de Mestrado do primeiro autor; pesquisa financiada por CAPES, FAPEMIG e Mineração Rio do Norte/MRN