SORGO FORRAGEIRO SUBMETIDO A DISPONIBILIDADE DE ÁGUA EM NEOSSOLO FLÚVICO

ANDRADE JÚNIOR, ILDEU DE OLIVEIRA; SANTOS, SILVÂNIO RODRIGUES DOS; KONDO, MARCOS KOITI; OLIVEIRA, POLYANNA MARA DE; ROCHA JÚNIOR, VICENTE RIBEIRO

doi:10.1590/1983-21252019v32n418rc

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Agricultural Engineering • Rev. Caatinga 32 (4) • Oct-Dec 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n418rc copiar

SORGO FORRAGEIRO SUBMETIDO A DISPONIBILIDADE DE ÁGUA EM NEOSSOLO FLÚVICO

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivou-se determinar o fator de disponibilidade hídrica no solo que resultasse ao máximo desempenho agronômico do sorgo forrageiro irrigado, sem alterar sua composição químico-bromatológica. Para isso, utilizou-se uma área experimental do Campus Janaúba da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, MG, Brasil, sobre um Neossolo Flúvico Psamítico com capacidade total de armazenamento de água de 59 mm nos primeiros 0,3 m de profundidade. O experimento consistiu de 5 fatores de disponibilidade hídrica do solo (f_0,2 = 0,20; f_0,35 = 0,35; f_0,5 = 0,50; f_0,65 = 0,65 e f_0,8 = 0,80) e dois híbridos simples de sorgo forrageiro (Volumax^® e BRS 655), arranjados no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com os híbridos nas subparcelas, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A partir da diferenciação, quinzenalmente foram avaliados a altura de planta, diâmetro de colo, diâmetro transversal de planta, número de folhas por planta, índice de área foliar, teor relativo de clorofila, diâmetro de caule, comprimento de panícula, produção de matéria seca, eficiência de uso da água, proteína bruta, cinzas, fibra em detergente ácido, fibra em detergente neutro e lignina. O fator f entre 0,20 e 0,35 promove maior produção de matéria seca e altura de plantas nos dois híbridos de sorgo. O híbrido Volumax^® apresentou melhores teores de proteína bruta e fibra em detergente ácido. Os fatores f testados não alteraram a composição químico-bromatológica dos híbridos.

Palavras-chave:
Sorghum bicolor L; Manejo de irrigação; Fator de disponibilidade hídrica

Hybrid	Genetic Base	Cycle	Silage	Panicle	Height	Supplier
BRS-655	Simple Hybrid	Medium-early	90-100 days	Semi-open	250 cm	Embrapa
Volumax	Simple Hybrid	Late	100-110 days	Semi-open	250 cm	Agroceres

Factor f -	Initial WD	WD	ER	Total WD	Ti	NI
Factor f -	mm				hours	NI
0.20	261.7	147.0	24.3	433.0	53.28	46
0.35	261.7	139.8	24.3	425.8	52.40	39
0.50	261.7	125.9	24.3	411.9	50.43	34
0.65	261.7	136.7	24.3	422.7	51.93	33
0.80	261.7	157.7	24.3	443.7	54.88	33

SV	DF	NL	SD	PTD	LAI	RCC	PL	DMY	WUE
Blocks	3	9.9^ significant at 1%, and	2.14^ significant at 1%, and	1217.1^ significant at 1%, and	2.024^ns ns not significant by the F test.	1679.7^ significant at 1%, and	54.0^ significant at 1%, and	0.212^ significant at 1%, and	1.177^ significant at 1%, and
Factors f (f)	4	0.9^ns ns not significant by the F test.	0.629^ns ns not significant by the F test.	94.1^ns ns not significant by the F test.	2.805^ns ns not significant by the F test.	190.0^ns ns not significant by the F test.	2.1^ns ns not significant by the F test.	0.160^* * Significant at 5%,	0.86^* * Significant at 5%,
Residue A	12	1.0	0.111	151.9	2.022	126.9	1.8	3529935	0.197
Hybrids (HIB)	1	86.9^ significant at 1%, and	0.91^ns ns not significant by the F test.	785.9^ significant at 1%, and	3.89^ significant at 1%, and	1032.76^ significant at 1%, and	89.7^ns ns not significant by the F test.	5017597^ns ns not significant by the F test.	0.257
f × HIB	4	0.2^ns ns not significant by the F test.	0.184^ns ns not significant by the F test.	35.82^ns ns not significant by the F test.	0.294^ns ns not significant by the F test.	30.263^ns ns not significant by the F test.	1.26^ns ns not significant by the F test.	3580225^ns ns not significant by the F test.	0.193
Residue B	15	0.2	0.209	17.5	0.262	91.3	2.2	6109566	0.326
Time (DAE)	2	60.7^ significant at 1%, and	0.811^ significant at 1%, and	8297.1^ significant at 1%, and	7.59^ significant at 1%, and	15370.9^ significant at 1%, and	-	-	-
f × DAE	8	0.5^ns ns not significant by the F test.	0.473^ns ns not significant by the F test.	56.5^ns ns not significant by the F test.	0.76^ns ns not significant by the F test.	75.69^ns ns not significant by the F test.	-	-	-
HIB × DAE	2	10.6^ significant at 1%, and	0.720^* * Significant at 5%,	99.42^ns ns not significant by the F test.	1.771^* * Significant at 5%,	225.2^ns ns not significant by the F test.	-	-	-
f x HIB × DAE	8	0.6^ns ns not significant by the F test.	0.709^ns ns not significant by the F test.	12.21^ns ns not significant by the F test.	0.472^ns ns not significant by the F test.	36.1^ns ns not significant by the F test.	-	-	-
Residue C	60	0.487	0.186	41.39	0.50	236.215	-	-	-
Mean		6.41	1.56	68.20	2.41	76.21	24.79	9573.1	2.24
CV 1 (%)		9.445	8.731	9.44	28.95	20.16	5.41	19.62	19.81
CV 2 (%)		7.25	29.23	6.13	21.23	12.53	6.0	25.82	25.48
CV 3 (%)		10.88	27.57	9.43	29.34	20.16	-	-	-

Hybrids	DAE
Hybrids	30	45	60
Plant Height
BRS-655	67.4 aC	108.8 aB	139.2 bA
Volumax	65.6 aC	106.2 aB	150.5 bA
Stem diameter
BRS-655	1.4 aB	1.6 bA	1.5 bB
Volumax	1.5 aC	1.8 aA	1.7 aB
Number of leaves
BRS-655	4.8 bB	6.7 bA	5.2 bB
Volumax	5.5 aB	8.4 aA	7.9 aA
Leaf area index
BRS-655	1.9 aB	2.5 aA	2.4 bA
Volumax	2.0 aC	2.6 aB	3.2 aA

Variable	Hybrid
Variable	BRS-655	Volumax
Number of leaves	5.6 B	7.3 A
Leaf area index	2.2 B	2.6 A
Plant transversal diameter	65.6 B	70.7 A
Relative chlorophyll content	79.1 A	73.3 B

SV	DF	Mean Square
SV	DF	DMY	CP	MM	NDF	ADF	LG
Blocks	3	69.56^* * Significant at 5%,	2.88^ns ns not significant by the F test.	1.35^ns ns not significant by the F test.	16.89^ns ns not significant by the F test.	6.48^ns ns not significant by the F test.	0.19^ns ns not significant by the F test.
Factor (f)	4	10.17^ns ns not significant by the F test.	0.71^ns ns not significant by the F test.	2.06^ns ns not significant by the F test.	5.49^ns ns not significant by the F test.	66.11^ns ns not significant by the F test.	0.74^ns ns not significant by the F test.
Residue A	12	21.02	2.39	2.12	43.06	31.64	0.44
Hybrids (HIB)	1	20.04^ns ns not significant by the F test.	27.18^ significant at 1%, and	0.09^ns ns not significant by the F test.	79.69^ns ns not significant by the F test.	101.85^* * Significant at 5%,	0.19^ns ns not significant by the F test.
f x HYB	4	37.12^ns ns not significant by the F test.	1.36 ^ns ns not significant by the F test.	1.22^ns ns not significant by the F test.	76.67^ns ns not significant by the F test.	36.85^ns ns not significant by the F test.	0.19^ns ns not significant by the F test.
Residue B	15	26.68	1.98	1.39	88.47	17.65	0.77
Mean		35.9	6.6	8.3	61.7	30.3	5.4
CV 1 (%)		12.76	23.24	17.51	10.63	18.58	12.34
CV 2 (%)		14.38	21.13	14.18	15.24	13.88	16.39

Variable	Hybrid
Variable	BRS-655	Volumax
CP	5.8 B	7.5 A
ADF	31.9 A	28.7 B

Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido Avenida Francisco Mota, número 572, Bairro Presidente Costa e Silva, Cep: 5962-5900, Telefone: 55 (84) 3317-8297 - Mossoró - RN - Brazil
E-mail: caatinga@ufersa.edu.br

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Layer (m)	pH		OM¹	P²	K²		Na²	Ca³	Mg³	Al³	H+Al⁴	SB⁵	CEC⁶
Layer (m)	H₂O		dag kg^-1		mg dm-3		_________________ cmol_c dm^-3 _________________
0-0.2	6.2		0.7	39.9	142		0.1	2.3	0.5	0	1.8	3.3	5.1
0.2-0.4	6.4		0.7	35.7	161		0.1	2.5	0.9	0	1.5	3.9	5.4
Layer	BS⁷	AS⁸	B⁹	Cu²	Fe²	Mn²	Zn²	P-rem¹⁰		EC¹¹	Sand^* * (LEMOS; SANTOS; LEMOS, 2012)	Silt^* * (LEMOS; SANTOS; LEMOS, 2012)	Clay^* * (LEMOS; SANTOS; LEMOS, 2012)
(m)	%				mg dm^-3			mg L^-1		dS m^-1		dag kg^-1
0-0.2	65	0	0.2	0.8	80.9	28.2	7.9	47.5		0.1	86	9	5
0.2-0.4	72	0	0.2	0.7	84.1	34.3	5.4	46.8		0.2	90	5	5