Regimes hídricos no desenvolvimento de acessos do gênero <i>Manihot</i>

Sobreira, Alysson M.; Simões, Welson L.; Nunes, Glauber H. de S.; Silveira, Lindomar M. da; Antonio, Rafaela P.

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Technical Note • Rev. Caatinga 36 (3) • Jul-Sep 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n323rc copiar

Regimes hídricos no desenvolvimento de acessos do gênero Manihot

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivou-se selecionar acessos do gênero Manihot através de caracteres morfológico-agronômicos, quando submetidos à diferentes regimes hídricos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas três condições de regimes hídricos (simulação da chuva e reposições de 100 e 20 % da evapotranspiração da cultura (ET_c)) e nas subparcelas, oito acessos de espécies do gênero Manihot (gemade-ovo e engana-ladrão da espécie M. esculenta e BGMS-115; BGMS-102; BGMS-79; BGMS-24; e BGMS-48 acessos de Manihot sp.). Os acessos foram avaliados em dois ciclos de cultivo, 120 e 60 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. Foram avaliadas as variáveis altura de planta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, comprimento, largura do lóbulo foliar e produtividade da massa seca da parte aérea. Para cada ciclo de cultivo foi realizada uma análise de variância em parcela subdividida. As maiores médias genotípicas foram expressas pelos acessos BGMS-115, BGMS-102, BGMS-79 e BGMS-24 para grande parte das variáveis analisadas, independentemente do ciclo de cultivo. Para a característica produtividade da massa seca da parte aérea, os acessos BGMS-102 e BGMS-79 apresentaram os melhores desempenhos em condições de regime hídrico limitado (20% ET_c) independente do ciclo de cultivo. O acesso BGMS-102 também estava agrupado no grupo com maiores médias genotípicas, para esta característica, nos tratamentos com simulação de chuva e com 100% da ET_c, no primeiro ciclo, demostrando que em condições de estresse este acesso é uma opção para tolerar as baixas precipitações hídricas e responde bem quando ocorre maiores precipitações.

Palavras-chave
Semiárido; Morfologia vegetal; Seleção de acessos; Tolerância ao déficit hídrico

Depth	Density					Porosity	Particle size
Depth	Soil	Particles				Porosity	Sand		Silt		Clay
(cm)			kg dm^-3 --			Total (%)			g kg^-1 --
0 - 20	1.31			2.52		47.88		755.1	155.8		89.1
20 - 40	1.28			2.58		50.28		772.3	115.3		112.5
Depth	EC	pH	C		P	K	Na	Ca	Mg	Al	H+Al
(cm)	mS cm^-1	-	g kg^-	¹ mg dm^-3		---		cmol	_c dm^-3		---
0-20	2.08	5.5	4.8		4.32	0.31	0.02	1.00	2.00	0.00	1.2
20-40	1.47	5.1	2.6		2.16	0.22	0.03	1.00	1.95	0.05	1.7

Month	Week	Precipitation (mm)	Total (mm)
	1	10.45
January	2 3	19.61 18.33
	4	33.03
	1	14.27
February	2 3	16.46 22.12
	4	22.11	322.29
	1	22.42	322.29
March	2 3	28.75 24.05
	4	33.95
	1	15.50
April	2 3	28.11 5.21
	4	7.92
May	1 2	14.00 32.22	46.22

First crop cycle
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Water regimes
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Simulated rainfall	100% ETC⁽³⁾	20% ETC
Gema-de-Ovo ⁽²⁾	90.45b	91.09b	70.46a
Engana-Ladrão	82.62b	103.79a	73.51a
BGMS115	121.99a	99.99b	61.02b
BGMS110	58.67c	123.35a	57.32b
BGMS102	122.99a	123.71a	59.19b
BGMS79	115.11a	103.63b	71.98a
BGMS24	95.45a	104.91b	70.17a
BGMS48	54.89c	132.58a	57.88b
Second crop cycle
Accession ⁽¹⁾		Water regimes
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Simulated rainfall	100% ETC	20% ETC
Gema-de-Ovo ⁽²⁾	52.62b	110.60a	93.30a
Engana-Ladrão	67.58b	82.69b	65.20b
BGMS115	50.59b	119.11a	74.82a
BGMS110	13.52c	137.53a	68.80b
BGMS102	79.27a	110.43a	85.63a
BGMS79	75.44a	112.10a	75.23a
BGMS24	68.52b	129.41a	76.46a
BGMS48	58.22b	125.89a	64.94b

First crop cycle
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Water regime
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Simulated rainfall	100% ET_C⁽³⁾	20% ETC
Gema-de-Ovo ⁽²⁾	17.58b	21.14a	14.27a
Engana-Ladrão	17.08b	22.77a	16.62a
BGMS115	23.26a	20.34a	12.82a
BGMS110	12.64b	21.76a	14.57a
BGMS102	25.10a	21.31a	13.26a
BGMS79	23.08a	20.03a	13.42a
BGMS24	22.68a	18.88a	14.98a
BGMS48	15.55b	21.93a	13.97a
Second crop cycle
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Water regime
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Simulated rainfall	100% ET_C	20% ETC
Gema-de-Ovo ⁽²⁾	9.28a	16.89b	12.82a
Engana-Ladrão	10.10a	14.71b	12.97a
BGMS115	9.52a	19.10a	12.49a
BGMS110	2.24b	20.53a	12.45a
BGMS102	14.48a	18.28b	12.42a
BGMS79	11.02a	17.51b	13.55a
BGMS24	10.20a	20.95a	12.30a
BGMS48	8.45a	19.79a	10.95a

First crop cycle
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Water regime
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Simulated rainfall	100% ET_C⁽³⁾	20% ETC
Gema-de-Ovo ⁽²⁾	58.80b	80.89b	59.98a
Engana-Ladrão	66.73b	86.76b	57.62a
BGMS115	117.04a	106.75a	7.27c
BGMS110	46.55c	108.42a	46.59a
BGMS102	165.28a	88.46b	10.09c
BGMS79	115.01a	95.73b	30.22b
BGMS24	75.77b	121.72a	35.50b
BGMS48	54.42c	88.33b	49.78a
Second crop cycle
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Water regime
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Simulated rainfall	100% ET_C	20% ETC
Gema-de-Ovo ⁽²⁾	14.38b	77.29b	28.38a
Engana-Ladrão	16.59b	64.27b	35.22a
BGMS115	12.70b	133.29a	10.63c
BGMS110	12.16b	80.86b	31.03a
BGMS102	73.62a	64.53b	22.74b
BGMS79	23.06b	120.33a	22.37b
BGMS24	29.15b	121.94a	19.98b
BGMS48	14.10b	76.30b	30.50a

First crop cycle
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Water regime
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Simulated rainfall	100% ETC⁽³⁾	20% ETC
Gema-de-Ovo ⁽²⁾	26.09a	15.68a	10.83a
Engana-Ladrão	27.29a	14.00a	12.43a
BGMS115	27.00a	14.31a	12.88a
BGMS110	13.31b	14.78a	12.82a
BGMS102	16.46b	14.78a	11.97a
BGMS79	15.35b	14.10a	12.90a
BGMS24	15.65b	13.90a	13.03a
BGMS48	14.26b	16.28a	12.19a
Second crop cycle
Accession ⁽¹⁾		Water regime
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Simulated rainfall	100% ETC	20% ETC
Gema-de-Ovo ⁽²⁾	0.80b	17.27a	12.90a
Engana-Ladrão	1.48b	15.81a	10.65a
BGMS115	12.92a	12.65a	13.82a
BGMS110	1.50b	13.69a	12.68a
BGMS102	13.75a	13.46a	12.31a
BGMS79	12.48a	13.54a	11.80a
BGMS24	12.65a	13.42a	11.84a
BGMS48	1.38b	13.92a	13.12a

First crop cycle
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Water regime
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Simulated rainfall	100% ETC ⁽³⁾	20% ETC
Gema-de-Ovo ⁽²⁾	5.26a	5.30a	4.39a
Engana-Ladrão	4.99a	5.05a	4.80a
BGMS115	5.49a	5.05a	4.51a
BGMS110	5.09a	5.26a	4.59a
BGMS102	5.29a	5.29a	4.39a
BGMS79	5.36a	5.12a	4.45a
BGMS24	5.28a	5.08a	4.59a
BGMS48	5.24a	5.53a	4.29a
Second crop cycle
Accession ⁽¹⁾		Water regime
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Simulated rainfall	100% ETC	20% ETC
Gema-de-Ovo ⁽²⁾	0.59b	5.30a	4.42a
Engana-Ladrão	1.22b	4.03a	3.28a
BGMS115	4.47a	3.64a	5.60a
BGMS110	0.43b	5.39a	4.95a
BGMS102	4.79a	4.22a	4.38a
BGMS79	4.05a	4.59a	4.09a
BGMS24	4.34a	4.50a	4.08a
BGMS48	0.19b	5.61a	5.67a

First crop cycle
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Water regime
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Simulated rainfall	100% ETC⁽³⁾	20% ETC
Gema-de-Ovo ⁽²⁾	485.19b	663.67b	182.63c
Engana-Ladrão	224.61c	496.89b	266.85b
BGMS115	1480.42a	1429.42a	186.75c
BGMS110	50.90d	383.11c	49.64d
BGMS102	1463.42a	1277.56a	333.67a
BGMS79	1734.14a	892.25b	342.79a
BGMS24	1317.39a	1147.44a	247.25d
BGMS48	80.67d	710.58b	54.50c
Second crop cycle
Accession ⁽¹⁾		Water regime
Accession ⁽¹⁾	Simulated rainfall	100% ETC	20% ETC
Gema-de-Ovo ⁽²⁾	314.51a	505.57d	33.47b
Engana-Ladrão	132.50c	270.22d	48.00b
BGMS115	277.42b	1612.00b	99.00b
BGMS110	142.17c	1018.58c	13.65c
BGMS102	264.67b	833.17c	410.00a
BGMS79	202.67c	811.08c	341.83a
BGMS24	297.92b	2039.17a	260.50a
BGMS48	149.08c	1130.25c	16.37c

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[1] Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest related to the publication of this manuscript.

		Source of variation
Character ⁽¹⁾	Block (2) ⁽²⁾	Regime (2) Accession (7)		R x A (14)
		First crop cycle ⁽³⁾
PH	1.12 ^ns ns = not significant by the χ2 test;	116.16^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	26.89^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	12.56^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.
SD	1.16 ^ns ns = not significant by the χ2 test;	25.74^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	13.33^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	5.56^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.
NL	4.63 ^ns ns = not significant by the χ2 test;	95.38^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	60.95^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	11.69^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.
LL	1.05 ^ns ns = not significant by the χ2 test;	12.12^* * = significant at 5.0% probability and	20.22^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	4.8216^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.
LW	0.07 ^ns ns = not significant by the χ2 test;	1.79 ^ns ns = not significant by the χ2 test;	35.77^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	1.73 ^ns ns = not significant by the χ2 test;
SDMP	0.47^ns ns = not significant by the χ2 test;	92.93^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	67.56^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	22.78^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.
		Second crop cycle	(4)
PH	0.03 ^ns ns = not significant by the χ2 test;	40.58^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	22.22^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	11.92^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.
SD	3.52 ^ns ns = not significant by the χ2 test;	395.26^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	18.79^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	10.74^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.
NL	0.54 ^ns ns = not significant by the χ2 test;	35.39^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	25.45^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	10.67^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.
LL	0.39 ^ns ns = not significant by the χ2 test;	76.08^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	57.86^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	33.93^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.
LW	1.16 ^ns ns = not significant by the χ2 test;	58.98^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	53.09^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	25.65^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.
SDMP	0.51 ^ns ns = not significant by the χ2 test;	141.43^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	15.09^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.	11.15^ = significant at 1.0% probability by the χ2 test.