ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND ETHANOL RELEASE TO ASSESS RED RICE SEED VIGOR<sup>1</sup>

BARBOSA, RAFAEL MARANI; JESUS, MATHEUS ANDRÉ DE; PEREIRA, RAFAELA ALVES; GOMES JUNIOR, GEDEON ALMEIDA

doi:10.1590/1983-21252021v34n406rc

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Agronomy • Rev. Caatinga 34 (4) • Oct-Dec 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n406rc copy

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND ETHANOL RELEASE TO ASSESS RED RICE SEED VIGOR¹

CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA E LIBERAÇÃO DE ETANOL PARA AVALIAR O VIGOR DE SEMENTES DE ARROZ VERMELHO

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

To evaluate seed vigor, electrical conductivity and ethanol tests are fast and efficient methodologies. They have the potential to be used in several species, such as red rice. However, there are no protocols or information about their efficiency. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the efficiency, and define parameters of execution for electrical conductivity and ethanol tests, to evaluate the vigor of red rice seeds. The study was conducted using four lots of ‘BRS 901’ red rice, which was subjected to a germination test, as well as first count, accelerated aging, and field seedling emergence tests. The electrical conductivity test was performed with 25, 50, and 100 seeds soaked in 50 mL and 75 mL of water, at 25 °C and 30 °C, for 3, 6, 20, and 24 hours, respectively. The ethanol test was performed with 50 and 100 seeds soaked in a volume of water equivalent to 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0× the mass of the seed sample. To assess the vigor of red rice seeds, the electrical conductivity test is an efficient method when conducted with 50 seeds soaked in 50 mL of water at 25 °C for 20 hours. Meanwhile, the ethanol test is most effective when performed with 50 seeds, in a volume of water that is 2.5× the mass of the sample, at 40 °C for 24 hours.

Keywords:
Oryza sativa L.; Breathalyzer; Fermentation; Imbibition; Leaching

Lot	WC (%)	GE (%)	FC (%)	AA (%)	SE (%)
1	11.9	92 a¹ 1Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ, by Tukey's test (p < 0.05).	90 a	89 a	73 a
2	11.8	91 a	71 b	86 a	63 b
3	11.9	87 a	69 b	86 a	47 c
4	11.5	86 a	68 b	84 a	35 d
CV (%)	-	5.5	16.9	5.8	28.9

Lot	Soaking (hours)				Soaking (hours)
	3	6	20	24	3	6	20	24
	25 seeds / 50 mL				25 seeds / 75 mL
1	13.1 a¹ 1Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ, by Tukey's test (p < 0.05).	20.0 a	21.2 a	26.5 a	5.4 a	10.0 a	11.2 a	13.2 a
2	13.4 a	20.7 a	25.8 ab	31.8 ab	5.2 a	10.5 a	11.7 a	13.5 a
3	13.9 a	21.2 a	28.2 b	34.8 ab	5.5 a	10.7 a	12.7 a	14.0 a
4	21.2 b	26.5 b	42.2 c	42.5 b	7.4 a	14.8 b	19.7 b	22.2 b
CV (%)	10.8	12.7	18.1	10.5	17.6	17.8	16.2	14.9

	50 seeds / 50 mL				50 seeds / 75 mL
1	18.2 a	22.6 a	24.9 a	26,0 a	7,4 a	11.2 a	17.2 a	19.7 a
2	18.7 a	23.3 a	29.5 ab	31.0 b	13.4 b	14.5 ab	18.0 a	21.3 a
3	19.2 a	25.1 ab	31.5 b	33.9 b	14.7 b	15.6 ab	19.7 a	22.0 a
4	22.4 b	28.0 b	39.6 c	43.1 c	15.0 b	16.5 b	20.2 a	22.2 a
CV (%)	10.16	9.7	18.5	19.6	17.6	11.0	9.8	11.4

	100 seeds / 50 mL				100 seeds / 75 mL
1	17.0 a	21.6 a	36.6 a	39.2 a	11.0 a	15.8 a	22.6 a	24.5 a
2	19.7 a	28.8 a	37.3 a	40.6 ab	12.9 ab	16.7 a	23.2 ab	27.8 a
3	23.5 a	28.7 a	43.2 ab	47.1 ab	15.5 ab	18.1 ab	25.8 ab	28.1 a
4	32.0 b	37.2 b	45.0 b	48.4 b	18.1 b	19.8 b	27.8 b	29.3 a
CV (%)	17.1	11.3	11.9	12.7	17.9	9.2	12.3	12.1

Lot	Soaking (hours)				Soaking (hours)
	3	6	20	24	3	6	20	24
	25 seeds/ 50 mL				25 seeds / 75 mL
1	15.7 a¹ 1Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ, by Tukey's test (p < 0.05).	24.0 a	25.5 a	31.8 a	6.5 a	12.1 a	13.4 a	15.8 a
2	16.6 a	24.9 a	30.9 b	38.8 a	6.3 a	12.6 a	14.1 a	16.2 a
3	17.1 a	25.5 a	33.8 b	41.8 ab	6.6 a	12.9 a	15.2 a	16.8 a
4	25.5 b	31.8 b	50.6 c	51.0 b	8.9 a	17.7 b	23.7 b	26.6 b
CV (%)	10.1	12.7	18.3	12.5	17.6	17.8	16.2	14.9

	50 seeds / 50 mL				50 seeds / 75 mL
1	21.8 a	27.1 a	29.9 a	31.3 a	7.4 a	11.2 a	17.2 a	19.7 a
2	22.4 a	28.0 ab	35.4 b	37.3 b	13.4 b	14.5 ab	18.0 a	21.3 a
3	23.1 a	30.2 b	37.8 b	40.7 b	14.7 b	15.6 ab	19.7 a	22.0 a
4	26.9 b	33.6 c	47.6 c	51.8 c	15.0 b	16.5 b	20.2 a	22.2 a
CV (%)	10.2	9.7	18.5	19.6	17.6	11.0	9.8	11.4

	100 seeds / 50 mL				100 seeds / 75 mL
1	20.4 a	25.9 a	43.9 a	47.1 a	13.2 a	18.9 a	27.1 a	29.4 a
2	23.6 ab	34.5 b	47.7 b	48.7 ab	15.5 ab	20.1 a	27.9 a	33.3 a
3	28.2 b	34.5 b	51.8 bc	56.5 ab	18.6 bc	21.7 ab	31.0 ab	33.7 a
4	38.4 c	44.6 c	54.0 c	58.1 b	21.7 c	23.8 b	33.3 b	35.1 a
CV (%)	17.1	11.4	11.9	12.7	17.9	9.2	12.3	12.1

Seeds (n)	Volume (mL)	3 h	6 h	20 h	24 h
		25 °C
25	50	-0.84^ns	-0.87^ns	-0.93^ns	-0.97*
25	75	-0.81^ns	-0.85^ns	-0.87^ns	-0.82^ns
50	50	-0.89^ns	-0.97*	-0.96*	-0.97*
50	75	-0.84^ns	-0.92^ns	-0.98*	-0.90*
100	50	-0.97*	-0.92*	-0.98*	-0.98*
100	75	-0.87^ns	-0.99*	-0.99*	-0.99*
		30 °C
25	50	-0.84^ns	-0.87^ns	-0.93^ns	-0.97*
25	75	-0.80^ns	-0.85^ns	-0.87^ns	-0.83^ns
50	50	-0.90^ns	-0.98*	-0.96*	-0.96*
50	75	-0.84^ns	-0.92^ns	-0.99*	-0.91*
100	50	-0.97*	-0.92*	-0.98*	-0.98*
100	75	-0.89^ns	-0.99*	-0.99*	-0.99*

Lot	Seeds (n)	Amount of distilled water
Lot	Seeds (n)	1.0×	1.5×	2.0×	2.5×	3.0×
		μg.L^-1
1	50	45.0 c	45.0 c	65.0 c	77.5 d	42.5 c
2		70.0 b	95.0 b	125.0 b	150.0 c	82.5 b
3		80.0 ab	110.0 ab	142.5 ab	195.0 b	95.0 b
4		95.0 a	132.5 a	180.0 a	280.0 a	145.0 a
CV (%)		12.6	11.6	14.7	11.1	13.2
1	100	62.5 b	65.0 b	90.0 d	220.0 c	50.0 b
2		117.5 a	195.0 a	230.0 c	272.5 c	115.0 b
3		130.0 a	215.0 a	317.5 b	360.0 b	157.5 b
4		137.5 a	225.0 a	437.5 a	490.0 a	215.5 a
CV (%)		14.2	19.2	9.5	9.3	17.7

Volume of water	50 seeds	100 seeds
$1.0 \times$	-0.8106^* *Significant by the t test (p≤0.05).	-0.7363^* *Significant by the t test (p≤0.05).
$1.5 \times$	-0.8647^* *Significant by the t test (p≤0.05).	-0.6655^* *Significant by the t test (p≤0.05).
$2.0 \times$	-0.8029^* *Significant by the t test (p≤0.05).	-0.9387^* *Significant by the t test (p≤0.05).
$2.5 \times$	-0.9175^* *Significant by the t test (p≤0.05).	-0.9142^* *Significant by the t test (p≤0.05).
$3.0 \times$	-0.8545^* *Significant by the t test (p≤0.05).	-0.8652^* *Significant by the t test (p≤0.05).

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E-mail: caatinga@ufersa.edu.br

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ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND ETHANOL RELEASE TO ASSESS RED RICE SEED VIGOR1

CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA E LIBERAÇÃO DE ETANOL PARA AVALIAR O VIGOR DE SEMENTES DE ARROZ VERMELHO

ABSTRACT

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND ETHANOL RELEASE TO ASSESS RED RICE SEED VIGOR¹