EFFECT OF SPATIAL-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER ON SOIL EROSION

LENSE, GUILHERME HENRIQUE EXPEDITO; PARREIRAS, TAYA CRISTO; MOREIRA, RODRIGO SANTOS; AVANZI, JUNIOR CESAR; MINCATO, RONALDO LUIZ

doi:10.1590/1983-21252021v34n110rc

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Agronomy • Rev. Caatinga 34 (1) • Jan-Mar 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n110rc copy

EFFECT OF SPATIAL-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF LAND USE AND LAND COVER ON SOIL EROSION

EFEITO DA VARIAÇÃO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DO USO E COBERTURA DA TERRA SOB A EROSÃO DO SOLO

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Land use and land cover changes are the main factors of human influence on the erosive process. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of land use and land cover changes over 30 years on water erosion in a tropical subbasin in southeastern Brazil. The hypothesis was tested that the expansion of coffee and reforestation areas decreased soil losses due to water erosion. The Potential Erosion Method (EPM) was used to estimate water erosion in 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018. In the first two decades, the predominant land use in the subbasin was corn, while in 2008 and 2018, coffee and reforestation areas became the main land use class in the area. The acquisition of EPM input parameters and data analysis was performed using remote sensing techniques and the Geographic Information System. Between 1988 and 1998, the total soil loss increased by 50.36 Mg year^-1 due to the conversion of pasturelands to coffee plantations and the increase of deforestation. However, between 1998 and 2018, there was a soil loss reduction of 660.21 Mg year^-1 (-37.46%), once the conversion of pasture and corn areas to coffee with the adoption of conservation practices, and the expansion of reforestation areas among 1988 - 2018, contributed to the decrease of soil erosion rates.

Keywords:
Soil conservation; Modelling; Erosion Potential Method

Land Use	Area (%)
Land Use	1988	1998	2008	2018
Pasture	22.91	2.77	0.00	0.00
Coffee	1.66	16.78	45.56	36.43
Corn	58.21	45.50	12.49	11.70
Forest	12.98	11.90	18.32	34.66
Sugarcane	0.00	0.00	2.70	2.70
Eucalyptus	0.00	15.80	12.37	6.11
Access Roads	0.91	2.41	3.66	3.50
Drainage	3.13	3.13	3.13	3.13
Facilities	0.20	1.71	1.77	1.77

Equation	Parameters
	W_yr = Annual erosion (Mg year^-1)
	T = Coefficient of temperature (dimen.)
	H_yr = Mean annual rainfall (mm year^-1)
$(1) W_{yr} = T \cdot H_{yr} \cdot π \cdot \sqrt[2]{Z^{3}} \cdot F \cdot Ds$	Z = Coefficient of erosion (dimen.)
	F = subbasin area (km²)
$(2) G_{yr} = W_{yr} \cdot R_{U}$	Ds^* * Parameter incorporated into the original formula for conversion of m3 year-1 to Mg year-1. = Soil density (kg dm^-3)
$(2) G_{yr} = W_{yr} \cdot R_{U}$	G_yr = Soil loss (Mg year^-1)
$(3) T = \sqrt[2]{\frac{t_{0}}{10}} + 0.1$	R_u = Coefficient of retention (dimen.)
$(3) T = \sqrt[2]{\frac{t_{0}}{10}} + 0.1$	t₀ = Mean air temperature (°C year^-1)
$(4) Z = Y \cdot X_{a} \cdot (φ + {\sqrt[2]{I}}_{sr})$	Y = Soil resistance to erosion (dimen.)
$(4) Z = Y \cdot X_{a} \cdot (φ + {\sqrt[2]{I}}_{sr})$	X_a = Coefficient of soil use and management (dimen.)
$(5) R_{u} = \frac{{(O \cdot D)}^{0, 5}}{0.25 \cdot (L + 10)}$	φ = Coefficient of visible erosion features (dimen.)
	I_sr = Mean slope (%)
	O = Basin perimeter (km)
	D = Difference in basin elevation (m)
	L = Length of basin (km)

Land Use	X_a
Bare Soil	0.9 - 1.0
Annual cultivation	0.7 - 0.9
Perennial cultivation	0.5 - 0.7
Pasture	0.3 - 0.5
Native Vegetation	0.1 - 0.3
Coefficient of visible erosion features	φ
Whole subbasin affected by erosion	0.9 - 1.0
50 - 80% of catchment area affected by surface erosion	0.8 - 0.9
Erosion in rivers, gullies and alluvial deposits	0.5 - 0.8
Erosion in subbasin on 20 - 50% of the catchment area	0.3 - 0.5
Little erosion on subbasin	0.1 - 0.3

Parameters	Year
Parameters	1988	1998	2008	2018
X_a (dimen.)	0.58	0.60	0.54	0.45
φ (dimen.)	0.57	0.57	0.48	0.40
Z (dimen.)	0.44	0.46	0.38	0.30
t₀ (ºC year^-1)	19.93	20.32	20.04	20.62
H_yr (mm year^-1)	1,401.50	1,366.30	1,417.70	1,408.00
T (dimen.)	1.51	1.53	1.52	1.54

Year	W_yr	G_yr	Estimated SD	Observed SD	Error
Year	(Mg year^-1)	(Mg year ^-1)	(Mg ha^-1 year ^-1)	(Mg ha^-1 year ^-1)	(Mg ha^-1 year ^-1 and %)
1988	14509.07	1712.07	3.06	3.53	0.47 (13.31)
1998	14935.81	1762.43	3.15	2.64	-0.51 (19.32)
2008	11948.64	1409.94	2.52	3.14	0.62 (19.75)
2018	9340.80	1102.22	1.97	3.04	1.07 (35.20)

Soil loss (Mg ha^-1 year ^-1)	Area (%)				Soil loss class qualitatively
Soil loss (Mg ha^-1 year ^-1)	1988	1998	2008	2018	Soil loss class qualitatively
0 - 1	16.36	16.8	23.32	39.69	Very Slight
1 - 2	10.30	6.96	15.14	10.38	Slight
2 - 4	40.43	44.16	40.90	37.88	Slight to Moderate
4 - 8	32.91	32.06	20.56	11.96	Moderate
> 8	0.00	0.02	0.08	0.09	High

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