Performance of glyphosate-based products applied alone and in combination with herbicides in burndown

Pereira, Bruno C. S.; Braz, Guilherme B. P.; Souza, Matheus de F.; Reginaldo, Laís T. R. T.; Ferreira, Camila J. B.

doi:10.1590/1983-21252023v36n404rc

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Agronomy • Rev. Caatinga 36 (4) • Oct-Dec 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n404rc copy

Performance of glyphosate-based products applied alone and in combination with herbicides in burndown

Performance de produtos à base de glyphosate aplicados isolados e em associações à herbicidas na dessecação

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The no-tillage system is a conservation system that helps sustainability and agricultural production. The effectiveness of glyphosate control, applied alone or in combination with other herbicides, can be altered depending on the product’s formulation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of glyphosate in formulations containing different salts and concentrations, applied alone and in combination with other herbicides, in controlling weeds in advanced stages in the pre-sowing burndown operation. The experiment was carried out in the field in an area with a history of high weed infestation. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, evaluating eleven treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of the application of three glyphosate-based formulations alone and in combination with clethodim and 2,4-D amine herbicides, in addition to a control without herbicide application. The evaluated variables were percentage of weed control and percentage of desiccation. A comparison of means by contrasts was performed to analyze the percentage of weed control. In general, treatments containing products based on glyphosate potassium salt in the composition have slightly better control performance compared to those consisting of glyphosate isopropylamine salt.

Keywords
No-tillage; Conservation system; Weed control; Glyphosate potassium salt; Glyphosate isopropylamine salt

Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)
1. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1080
2. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1620
3. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + clethodim	1080 + 108
4. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + 2,4-D amine	1080 + 536
5. Glyphosate potassium salt (500)	1080
6. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + clethodim	1080 + 108
7. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + 2,4-D amine	1080 + 536
8. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360)	1080
9. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + clethodim	1080 + 108
10. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + 2,4-D amine	1080 + 536
11. Control without herbicide	-

Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)		B. brizantha control (DAA)
Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)	3	7	14	28
1. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1080	11.2 b	80.7 b	100.0 a	100.0
2. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1620	16.2 a	85.7 a	100.0 a	100.0
3. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + clethodim	1080 + 108	15.7 a	88.0 a	100.0 a	100.0
4. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	11.2 b	85.0 a	99.5 a	100.0
5. Glyphosate potassium salt (500)	1080	12.5 b	83.5 b	99.5 a	100.0
6. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + clethodim	1080 + 108	13.7 a	79.2 c	100.0 a	100.0
7. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	12.5 b	82.7 b	99.0 a	100.0
8. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360)	1080	9.5 b	74.0 d	95.0 c	100.0
9. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + clethodim	1080 + 108	10.0 b	76.2 d	97.2 b	100.0
10. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	9.5 b	81.2 b	97.2 b	100.0
11. Control without herbicide	-	0.0 c	0.0 e	0.0 d	0.0
FCalculated		16.86^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	735.66^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	7358.11^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	-
CV (%)		19.03	2.48	0.77	-

Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)	D. insularis control (DAA)
Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)	3	7	14	28
1. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1080	0.0	2.5 e	2.5 b	0.0 c
2. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1620	0.0	8.7 e	3.7 b	0.0 c
3. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + clethodim	1080 + 108	0.0	42.5 a	76.2 a	68.7 a
4. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	0.0	18.7 c	5.0 b	0.0 c
5. Glyphosate potassium salt (500)	1080	0.0	7.5 e	3.7 b	0.0 c
6. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + clethodim	1080 + 108	0.0	38.7 a	73.7 a	68.7 a
7. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	0.0	5.0 e	2.5 b	0.0 c
8. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360)	1080	0.0	3.7 e	0.0 b	0.0 c
9. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + clethodim	1080 + 108	0.0	32.5 b	71.2 a	66.2 b
10. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	0.0	11.2 d	2.5 b	0.0 c
11. Control without herbicide	-	0.0	0.0 e	0.0 b	0.0 c
F_Calculated		0.0	62.62^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	408.80^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	2416.36^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.
CV (%)		-	24.91	15.03	6.97

Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)		A. hybridus control (DAA)
Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)	3	7	14	28
1. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1080	1.2 a	77.0 b	86.2 b	87.5 b
2. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1620	2.5 a	80.0 a	92.5 a	93.2 a
3. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + clethodim	1080 + 108	1.2 a	72.5 c	80.0 c	85.0 b
4. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	5.5 a	82.7 a	88.7 b	92.5 a
5. Glyphosate potassium salt (500)	1080	1.2 a	72.5 c	82.5 c	85.0 b
6. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + clethodim	1080 + 108	1.2 a	71.2 c	83.7 c	83.7 b
7. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	2.5 a	71.2 c	81.2 c	85.7 a
8. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360)	1080	1.2 a	71.2 c	80.7 c	83.7 b
9. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + clethodim	1080 + 108	1.2 a	60.0 d	75.7 d	82.5 b
10. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	2.5 a	74.5 c	81.2 c	86.2 b
11. Control without herbicide	-	0.0 a	0.0 e	0.0 e	0.0
FCalculated		1.39^ns	293.96^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	385.92^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	421.32^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.
CV (%)		28.84	4.00	3.43	3.26

Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)	Conyza spp. control (DAA)
Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)	3	7	14	28
1. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1080	0.0 c	0.0 d	0.0 c	0.0 c
2. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1620	1.2 c	2.5 c	0.0 c	0.0 c
3. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + clethodim	1080 + 108	0.0 c	3.7 c	0.0 c	0.0 c
4. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	6.5 a	65.0 a	80.0 a	81.2 a
5. Glyphosate potassium salt (500)	1080	0.0 c	3.7 c	0.0 c	0.0 c
6. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + clethodim	1080 + 108	0.0 c	0.0 d	0.0 c	0.0 c
7. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	3.7 b	66.5 a	80.0 a	80.7 a
8. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360)	1080	0.0 c	0.0 d	0.0 c	0.0 c
9. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + clethodim	1080 + 108	0.0 c	7.5 b	0.0 c	0.0 c
10. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	2.5 b	62.5 a	76.2 b	79.5 b
11. Control without herbicide	-	0.0 c	0.0 d	0.0 c	0.0 c
FCalculated CV (%)		8.95^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level. 22.99	494.96^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level. 13.69	2803.58^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level. 6.47	7334.09^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level. 4.00

Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)	Overall control (DAA)				Desiccation
Treatments	Dose (g a.e. or a.i. ha^-1)	3	7	14	28	Desiccation
1. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1080	10.5 b	75.0 b	92.5 a	94.0 a	92.5 b
2. Glyphosate potassium salt (540)	1620	13.0 a	83.7 a	93.7 a	93.7 a	93.7 a
3. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + clethodim	1080 + 108	11.0 b	79.5 a	90.0 a	93.5 a	91.2 b
4. Glyphosate potassium salt (540) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	12.2 a	81.5 a	97.2 a	97.2 a	95.0 a
5. Glyphosate potassium salt (500)	1080	10.0 b	73.2 b	93.7 a	93.7 a	93.7 a
6. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + clethodim	1080 + 108	10.5 b	75.0 b	91.2 a	92.7 a	91.2 b
7. Glyphosate potassium salt (500) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	12.5 a	76.2 b	92.5 a	95.0 a	95.0 a
8. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360)	1080	9.0 b	70.7 b	92.5 a	92.5 a	92.5 b
9. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + clethodim	1080 + 108	9.5 b	71.5 b	91.2 a	91.2 a	91.2 b
10. Glyphosate isopropylamine salt (360) + 2,4-D	1080 + 536	11.0 b	77.5 a	93.7 a	93.7 a	93.7 a
11. Control without herbicide	-	0.0 c	0.0 c	0.0 b	0.0 b	0.0 c
FCalculated		20.94^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	212.68^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	359.89^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	952.44^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.	914.67^* * Significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column belong to the same group, according to the Scott-Knott grouping criterion, at 5% probability level.
CV (%)		15.49	4.62	3.50	2.15	2.20

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[1] Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest related to the publication of this manuscript.