MANAGEMENT OF GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT HAIRY FLEABANE AND CONTRIBUTION OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF SEEDS TO RESISTANCE

KASPARY, TIAGO EDU; LAMEGO, FABIANE PINTO; BELLÉ, CRISTIANO; AGUIAR, ADALIN CEZAR MORAES DE; CUTTI, LUAN

doi:10.1590/1983-21252021v34n108rc

TIAGO EDU KASPARY ^**Corresponding author

Department of Crop Protection, Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria del Uruguay - La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay; tkaspary@inia.org.uy.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3084-1938

FABIANE PINTO LAMEGO

Research department, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Bagé, RS, Brazil; fabiane.lamego@embrapa.br.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7316-5610

CRISTIANO BELLÉ

Experimental Station, Phytus Group, Itaara, RS, Brazil; crbelle@gmail.com.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-3207

ADALIN CEZAR MORAES DE AGUIAR

Phytotechnics Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; adalin-cezar@hotmail.com.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1138-8197

LUAN CUTTI

Department of Crop Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; luancutti@hotmail.com.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2867-7158

*Corresponding author

Herbicides	Susceptible			Resistant
			Stages¹ 1 Stage I – plants with 1-2 true leaves, Stage II- plants with 5-6 true leaves; and Stage III - plants with 30-35 leaves (20-25 cm in height).
	I	II	III	I	II	III
7 DAT
Control	A 0.00² 2 Means preceded by different capital letters, compared in rows (stadiums) or followed by different lower-case letters, compare in columns (herbicides), differ by the t test (p<0.05). ^ns ns and e	A 0.00^ns ns and f	A 0.00^ns ns and h	A 0.00 e	A 0.00 g	A 0.00 g
Glyphosate	A 35.71^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. c	A 37.86^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. d	A 36.87^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. e	A 0.00 e	A 0.00 g	A 0.00 g
Chl. Ethyl³ 3 Chlorimuron-ethyl,	B 23.12^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. d	A 32.14^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. e	C 18.57^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. g	A 38.75 d	B 21.87 e	C 14.29 f
Met. methyl⁴ 4 Metsulfuron-methyl,	A 39.57^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. c	A 39.17^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. d	B 23.33^ns ns and f	A 44.37 c	B 27.50 d	C 21.25 e
Diclosulam	A 42.00^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. c	A 43.75^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. c	B 24.37^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. f	A 36.25 d	B 19.33 f	B 20.86 e
Glufosinate	A 100.00^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	A 99.28^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	B 80.00^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. c	A 96.25 b	B 92.62 b	C 65.00 c
Paraquat	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 99.00^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	B 84.37^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	A 100.00 a	B 94.75 b	C 77.50 b
Par.+Diuron⁵ 5 paraquat + diuron,	A 100.00^ns ns and a	B 90.25^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	C 86.25^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	A 98.12 ab	B 92.85 b	C 77.14 b
Diquat	A 100.00^ns ns and a	B 95.71^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	C 90.62^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	A 99.75 ab	A 98.71 a	B 83.57 a
2,4-D	A 53.57^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	A 52.86^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	B 40.00^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. d	A 43.10 c	B 41.25 c	C 34.16 d
Average	32.33	59.00	48.44	50.73	48.89	39.38
C.V. (%)⁶ 6 Coefficient of variation.			6.04
14 DAT
Control	A 0.00^ns ns and f	A 0.00^ns ns and e	A 0.00^ns ns and g	A 0.00 e	A 0.00 d	A 0.00 d
Glyphosate	A 85.29^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. c	A 84.29^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	B 70.62^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. c	A 0.00 e	A 0.00 d	A 0.00 d
Chl. Ethyl	A 60.62^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. e	A 58.57^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. d	B 39.28^ns ns and f	A 76.87 c	B 66.87 b	C 33.57 c
Met. methyl	A 69.29^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. d	A 69.17^ns ns and c	B 47.50^ns ns and e	A 83.12 b	B 65.62 b	C 47.00 b
Diclosulam	A 75.00^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. d	A 74.37^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. c	B 54.37^ns ns and d	A 83.75 b	B 58.33 c	C 49.28 b
Glufosinate	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 99.71^ns ns and a	B 83.12^ns ns and b	A 99.25 a	A 99.75 a	B 82.85 a
Paraquat	A 100.00^ns ns and a	AB 99.28^ns ns and a	B 94.62^ns ns and a	A 100.00 a	A 98.62 a	B 89.17 a
Par.+ Diuron	A 100.00^ns ns and a	B 94.25^ns ns and a	AB 97.25^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	A 100.00 a	A 95.71 a	B 87.14 a
Diquat	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 99.71^ns ns and a	A 97.00^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	A 99.50 a	A 99.00 a	B 90.00 a
2.4-D	A 89.16^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	A 86.42^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	B 80.62^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	A 71.25 d	B 60.00 c	C 51.50 b
Average	77.94	76.58	63.04	71.37	64.39	52.95
C.V. (%)			8.07

Herbicides	Susceptible			Resistant
			Stages¹ 1 Stage I - plants with 1-2 true leaves, Stage II- plants with 5-6 true leaves; and Stage III - plants with 30-35 leaves (20-25 cm in height).
	I	II	III	I	II	III
21 DAT
Control	A 0.00² 2 Means preceded by different capital letters, compared in rows (stadiums) or followed by different lowercase letters, compare in columns (herbicides), differ by the t test (p<0.05). ^ns ns and c	A 0.00^ns ns and d	A 0.00^ns ns and e	A 0.00 c	A 0.00 e	A 0.00 e
Glyphosate	A 99.71^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	A 99.71^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	B 91.87^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. ab	A 0.00 c	A 0.00 e	A 0.00 e
Chl. Ethyl³ 3 Chlorimuron-ethyl,	A 98.87^ns ns and a	B 77.14^ns ns and c	C 45.00^ns ns and d	A 98.00 a	B 78.75 c	C 39.28 d
Met. methyl⁴ 4 Metsulfuron-methyl,	A 100.00^ns ns and a	B 81.67^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. bc	C 65.83^ns ns and c	A 98.12 a	A 96.62 b	B 59.37 c
Diclosulam	A 100.00^ns ns and a	B 85.62^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	C 68.75^ns ns and c	A 100.00 a	B 70.00 d	B 64.28 bc
Glufosinate	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 100.00^ns ns and a	B 89.37^ns ns and b	A 99.50 a	A 100.00 a	A 92.86 a
Paraquat	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 97.50^ns ns and a	A 100.00 a	A 99.75 a	B 91.67 a
Par.+Diuron⁵ 5 paraquat + diuron,	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 94.37^ns ns and ab	A 100.00 a	A 99.71 a	A 93.00 a
Diquat	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 97.50^ns ns and a	A 99.12 a	A 98.14 a	A 96.00 a
2.4-D	A 100.00^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	A 98.00^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	B 88.50^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	A 83.12 b	A 82.50 b	B 66.67 b
Average	89.86	84.21	73.87	77.79	72.55	60.31
C.V. (%)⁶ 6 Coefficient of variation.			9.35
28 DAT
Control	A 0.00^ns ns and b	A 0.00^ns ns and c	A 0.00^ns ns and e	A 0.00 b	A 0.00 c	A 0.00 e
Glyphosate	A 100.00^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	A 100.00^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	B 91.87^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	A 0.00 b	A 0.00 c	A 0.00 e
Chl. ethyl	A 99.00^ns ns and a	B 85.00^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	C 51.43^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. d	A 99.75 a	A 99.37 a	B 37.14 d
Met. methyl	A 100.00^ns ns and a	B 78.83^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	C 63.33^ns ns and c	A 100.00 a	A 96.87 a	B 67.50 c
Diclosulam	A 100.00^ns ns and a	B 78.12^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	B 81.37^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	A 100.00 a	A 97.50 a	B 73.57 bc
Glufosinate	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 93.87^ns ns and a	A 100.00 a	A 100.00 a	A 94.00 a
Paraquat	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 96.25^ns ns and a	A 100.00 a	A 100.00a	A 94.13 a
Par.+ Diuron	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 93.12^ns ns and a	A 100.00 a	A 100.00 a	A 96.42 a
Diquat	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 100.00^ns ns and a	A 97.50^ns ns and a	A 99.75 a	A 98.57 a	A 98.57^a
2.4-D	A 100.00^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	A 95.00^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	A 92.50^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	A 91.25 a	A 85.62 b	B 76.66 b
Average	89.90	83.70	76.42	79.08	77.79	63.80
C.V. (%)			9.33

Herbicides	Susceptible			Resistant
	Stages¹ 1 Stage I - plants with 1-2 true leaves, Stage II - plants with 5-6 true leaves; and Stage III - plants with 30-35 leaves (20-25 cm in height).
	I	II	III	I	II	III
Control	C 28 8.72² 2 Means preceded by different capital letters, compared in rows (stadiums), or followed by different lower- case letters, compare in columns (herbicides), differ by the t test (p<0.05). ^ns ns and a	B 1161.3^ns ns and a	A 4885.2^ns ns and ^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. a	C 273.7 a	B 1201.0 a	A 4783.8 a
Glyphosate	B 10.6^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	B 10.7^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	A 1071.0^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. d	C 269.0 a	B 1232.1 a	A 4936.2 a
Chl. Ethyl³ 3 Chlorimuron-ethyl,	B 6.4 b	B 53.5^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	A 2033.0^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. c	C 12.2 b	B 73.7 c	A 2661.7 b
Met. methyl⁴ 4 Metsulfuron-methyl,	B 4.7^ns ns and b	B 34.2^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. b	A 3092.4^ns ns and b	C 12.2 b	B 49.8 b	A 2995.7 b
Diclosulam	B 5.1^ns ns and b	B 72.0^ns ns and b	A 1885.7^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. c	B 15.9 b	B 78.0 b	A 2878.4 b
Glufosinate	B 5.9^ns ns and b	B 6.6^ns ns and b	A 984.7^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. d	B 20.1 b	B 21.5 b	A 1247.2 c
Paraquat	B 2.6^ns ns and b	B 5.9^ns ns and b	A 1080.0^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. d	B 18.7 b	B 16.6 b	A 1606.0 c
Par.+Diuron⁵ 5 paraquat + diuron,	B 3.0^ns ns and b	B 9.1^ns ns and b	A 976.8^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. d	B 3.0 b	B 27.2 b	A 1346.2 c
Diquat	B 5.4^ns ns and b	B 6.1^ns ns and b	A 1078.0^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. d	B 5.9 b	B 38.4 b	A 1426.3 c
2.4-D	B 6.6^ns ns and b	B 19.7^ns ns and b	A 1829.7^ns ns and ^* * compare means of the biotypes (S and R), within the same stages and herbicides. c	B 35.5 b	B 64.5 b	A 2435.1 b
Average	33.9	137.9	1.891.7	66.7	280.3	2.631.7
CV (%)⁶ 6 Coefficient of variation	21.43

Experiment I
Biotype	TSW (mg)	FGC (%)	G (%)	GSI	ESI	SL (cm)
S	3.91^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	24^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	67^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	24.66^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	10.83^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	0.65^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).
R	5.12	33	84	38.02	16.43	1.08
Average	4.51	28	75	31.34	13.63	0.87
C.V. (%)¹ 1 Coefficient of variation.	4.38	9.30	5.48	6.74	4.90	5.59
Biotype	RL (cm)	TL (cm)	FSM (mg)	DSM (mg)	AA (%)	CT (%)
S	2.53^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	3.18^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	10.70^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	1.60^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	35^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	47^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).
R	4.16	5.24	24.80	3.80	53	79
Average	3.35	4.21	17.80	2.70	44	62
C.V. (%)	7.70	6.59	16.09	8.23	4.47	5.12
Experiment II
Biotype	TSW (mg)	FGC (%)	G (%)	GSI	ESI	SL (cm)
S	4.00^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	22^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	59^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	31.34^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	10.98^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	1.05^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).
R	5.50	34	86	45.15	16.93	1.64
Average	4.80	28	72	38.25	13.96	1.34
C.V. (%)¹ 1 Coefficient of variation.	2.66	5.43	8.05	2.96	7.46	6.20
Biotype	RL (cm)	TL (cm)	FSM (mg)	DSM (mg)	AA (%)	CT (%)
S	1.67^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	2.72^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	10.91^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	1.30^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	43^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).	57^* * Means of different biotypes (susceptible (S) and resistant (R)) in the columns, differ by the t test (p≤0.05). ns Not significant (p≥0.05).
R	3.17	4.81	21.60	3.82	54	95
Average	2.42	3.76	16.25	2.56	48	76
C.V. (%)	5.38	4.19	10.09	12.94	5.80	2.94

[1] *Corresponding author

Brasil

Brasil

MANAGEMENT OF GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT HAIRY FLEABANE AND CONTRIBUTION OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF SEEDS TO RESISTANCE

MANEJO DE BUVA RESISTENTE AO GLYPHOSATE E CONSEQUÊNCIAS DO POTENCIAL FISIOLÓGICO DE SEMENTES À RESISTÊNCIA

ABSTRACT