PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF PEANUT CROPS TO IRRIGATION WITH BRACKISH WATERS AND APPLICATION OF ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZERS<sup/>

SOUSA, JOSÉ THOMAS MACHADO DE; SOUSA, GEOCLEBER GOMES DE; SILVA, ELANE BEZERRA DA; SILVA JUNIOR, FRANCISCO BARROSO DA; VIANA, THALES VINÍCIUS DE ARAÚJO

doi:10.1590/1983-21252021v34n320rc

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Article • Rev. Caatinga 34 (3) • Jul-Sep 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n320rc copy

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF PEANUT CROPS TO IRRIGATION WITH BRACKISH WATERS AND APPLICATION OF ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZERS¹ 1 Received for publication in 06/02/2020; accepted in 04/29/2021. Paper extracted from the monograph of the first author.

RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS NA CULTURA DO AMENDOIM IRRIGADO COM ÁGUAS SALINAS E FERTILIZAÇÃO ORGANOMINERAL

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The use of organo-mineral fertilizer is an alternative measure to mitigate salt stress in semiarid regions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological indexes of peanut crops under irrigations with fresh and brackish waters and applications of organo-mineral fertilizers. The experiment was conducted from June to September, 2019, at the Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), in Redenção, state of Ceará, Brazil, using a completely randomized experimental design in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of five soil fertilizers (F1= 100% NPK mineral fertilizer at the recommended rate; F2= 100% bovine manure-based biofertilizer; F3= 100% plant ash; F4= 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bovine manure-based biofertilizer; and F5= 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% plant ash); and two salinity levels (electrical conductivities) of the irrigation water (1.0 and 5.0 dS m^-1). Photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, internal CO₂ concentration, water use efficiency, and chlorophyll index of the plants were evaluated at 40 and 54 days after sowing (DAS). Plants irrigated with fresh water presented higher stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration, regardless of the fertilizer used. The use of 100% bovine manure-based biofertilizer resulted in decreases in salt stress and increases in water use efficiency at 40 DAS, and decreases in leaf temperature and increases in relative chlorophyll content at 54 DAS.

Keywords:
Arachis hypogaea L ; Salinity; Organic fertilizer; NPK

				Chemical attributes
OM	N	P	K	Mg	Ca	Na	pH	ESP	EC
g kg^-1	g kg^-1	mg Kg^-1	g kg^-1		cmolc dm-3			%	dS m^-1
4.34	0.26	65	0.25	1.1	1.2	0.33	6.2	7	1.19

Chemical attributes
Organic fertilizers	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	Fe	Cu	Zn	Cu
Organic fertilizers	g L^-1					mg L^-1
Biofertilizer	0.82	1.4	1	2.5	0.75	142	1.2	68	14.7
Plant ash	g kg^-1					g kg^-1
Plant ash	0.4	1.13	54.4	28.7	13.9	7819	10.5	38	241

Estimated supply of nutrients
Chemical attributes	Nutrients
Chemical attributes	N	P	K
Recommendation (g plant^-1)	1.8	7.5	6.0
Substrate (g kg-1)	0.26	0.065	0.65
^## ## = substrate density (1.3 g dm-3) multiplied by the volume of substrate in each pot. Total nutrient contribution per pot	2.70	0.67	2.6
Supplemental mineral nutrition (g plant^-1)	0	6.83	3.4
Organic need for complementation Biofertilizer (g L plant^-1)	0	5.0	0
Plant ash (g kg^-1 plant^-1)	0	1.49	0

Variation Sources		Mean square
Variation Sources		40 DAS
	DF	gs	A	E	Ci	LT	WUE
Treatments	9	17.83^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	7.66^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	10.41^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	29.11^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	92.34^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	4.58^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant. x
Saline levels (SL)	1	115.91^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	1855^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	64.08^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	245.09^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	637.24^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	15.86^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.
Fertilization (F)	4	3.81^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	4.65^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	4.20^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	1.78^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	8.72^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	1.46^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.
SLxF	4	7.33^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	7.95^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	3.19^* DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	2.45^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	39.74^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	4.88^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.
Residue	30	0.004	2.57	0.07	178.26	0.09	0.43
Total	39
CV (%)	DF	32.28	19.82	16.93	5.01	1.05	12.61
		54 DAS
		gs	A	E	Ci	LT	WUE
Treatments	9	60.25^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	33.33^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	24.93^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	0.99^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	3.85^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	18.04^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.
Saline levels (SL)	1	177.23^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	189.21^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	65.26^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	0.82^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	1.25^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	107.66^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.
Fertilization (F)	4	82.00^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	20.25^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	29.76^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	1. 36^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	5.25^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	9.26^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.
SLxF	4	9.23^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	7.45^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	10.01^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	0.66^ns DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	5.25^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.	4.42^** DF = degrees of freedom, CV (%) = coefficient of variation, DAS = days after sowing. * = significant by the F test at 5%; ** = significant by the F test at 1%; ns = not significant.
Residue	30	0.0006	0.95	0.03	299.43	0.14	0.15
Total	39
CV (%)		9.97	11.41	7.41	5.83	1.26	11.21

Fertilization	Stomatal conductance - gs (mol m^-2 s^-1)
	40 DAS		54 DAS
	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1
F1 - NPK 100%	0.28 aA	0.04 bB	0.25 aA	0.15 bB
F2 - Biofertilizer 100 %	0.26 aA	0.13 bA	0.17 aB	0.13 aB
F3 - Plant ash 100%	0.24 aA	0.10 bA	0.34 aA	0.23 aA
F4 - NPK 50% + Bio 50%	0.28 aA	0.11 bA	0.48 aA	0.31 aA
F5 - NPK 50% + Ash 50%	0.49 aA	0.06 bB	0.33 aA	0.13 bB
MSD column	0.09		0.04
MSD line	0.13		0.06

Fertilization	Photosynthetic rates - A (µmol m² s^-1)
	40 DAS		54 DAS
	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1
F1 - NPK 100%	8.89 aAB	3.89 bC	10.25 aA	6.01 bB
F2 - Biofertilizer 100 %	8.60 aAB	10.48 aA	7.60 aA	4.47 bB
F3 - Plant ash 100%	8.08 aB	7.02 aB	12.24 aA	7.62 bA
F4 - NPK 50% + Bio 50%	8.51 aB	7.62 aAB	12.52 aA	8.67 bA
F5 - NPK 50% + Ash 50%	11.88 aA	6.00 bC	12.38 aA	3.72 bC
MSD column	2.32		1.66
MSD line	3.29		2.38

Fertilization	Transpiration - E (mol m^-2 s^-1)
	40 DAS		54 DAS
	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1
F1 - NPK 100%	1.80 aA	0.75 bB	2.60 aA	1.93 bB
F2 - Biofertilizer 100 %	2.06 aA	1.58 aA	2.14 aA	2.26 aB
F3 - Plant ash 100%	1.85 aA	1.35 bA	2.85 aA	2.41 bA
F4 - NPK 50% + Bio 50%	1.74 aA	1.42 aA	3.24 aA	2.75 bA
F5 - NPK 50% + Ash 50%	2.12 aA	1.10 bA	2.56 aA	1.39 bB
MSD column	0.38		0.30
MSD line	0.54		0.43

Fertilization	Leaf temperature - LT (ºC)
	40 DAS		54 DAS
	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1
F1 - NPK 100%	28.47 bB	31.35 aA	29.82 bB	30.62 aA
F2 - Biofertilizer 100 %	29.03 bAB	30.16 aB	30.70 aA	30.15 aA
F3 - Plant ash 100%	29.36 bA	30.56 aB	29.85 bB	30.32 aA
F4 - NPK 50% + Bio 50%	27.80 bC	30.65 aB	29.72 bB	30.02 aA
F5 - NPK 50% + Ash 50%	27.06 bC	31.43 aA	29.92 aB	30.55 aA
MSD column	0.44		0.55
MSD line	0.63		0.78

Fertilization	Water use efficiency – WUE ([μmol m^-2 s^-1) (mol H₂O m^-2 s^-1 )^-1])
	40 DAS		54 DAS
	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1
F1 - NPK 100%	4.89 aAB	5.33 aB	3.96 aB	3.11 bA
F2 - Biofertilizer 100 %	4.15 bB	6.71 aA	3.52 aB	1.97 bB
F3 - Plant ash 100%	4.41 aAB	5.22 aB	4.29 aAB	3.12 aB
F4 - NPK 50% + Bio 50%	4.90 aAB	5.35 aB	4.87 aA	3.15 aA
F5 - NPK 50% + Ash 50%	5.58 aA	5.45 aAB	3.87 aB	2.73 bAB
MSD column	0.94		0.56
MSD line	1.34		0.79

Fertilization	Chlorophyll index - SPAD
	54 DAS
	1.0 dS m^-1	5.0 dS m^-1
F1 - NPK 100%	37.60 aA	33.00 aAB
F2 - Biofertilizer 100 %	29.62 bA	41.95 aA
F3 - Plant ash 100%	32.43 aA	28.22 aB
F4 - NPK 50% + Bio 50%	31.35 aA	32.95 aAB
F5 - NPK 50% + Ash 50%	34.06 aA	36.40 aAB
MSD column	6.87
MSD line	9.77

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF PEANUT CROPS TO IRRIGATION WITH BRACKISH WATERS AND APPLICATION OF ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZERS1 1 Received for publication in 06/02/2020; accepted in 04/29/2021. Paper extracted from the monograph of the first author.

RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS NA CULTURA DO AMENDOIM IRRIGADO COM ÁGUAS SALINAS E FERTILIZAÇÃO ORGANOMINERAL

ABSTRACT

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF PEANUT CROPS TO IRRIGATION WITH BRACKISH WATERS AND APPLICATION OF ORGANO-MINERAL FERTILIZERS¹ 1 Received for publication in 06/02/2020; accepted in 04/29/2021. Paper extracted from the monograph of the first author.