Continuous and pulse fertigation on the accumulation and export of nutrients by cowpea

Souza, Carolayne S. de; Silva, Gerônimo F. da; Costa, Maria V. G. da; Silva, Manassés M. da; Silva, João V. B. da; Menezes, Sirleide M. de; Costa, Antônio F. da; Diniz, Adriana A.

doi:10.1590/1983-21252024v3711818rc

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Scientific Article • Rev. Caatinga 37 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252024v3711818rc copy

Continuous and pulse fertigation on the accumulation and export of nutrients by cowpea

Fertirrigação contínua e pulsada sobre o acúmulo e exportação de nutrientes pelo feijão-caupi

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective was to evaluate the effects of pulse and continuous fertigation on the accumulation and export of nutrients by cowpea. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks with 12 treatments distributed in a 5 x 2 + 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates, with five ETc replacement depths (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120%), combined with two types of fertigation application (pulse and continuous), plus two additional treatments under pulse (control 1) and continuous (control 2) irrigation with 100% ETc depth and conventional fertilization. The analyzed nutrients were N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn. Highest accumulations and exports of nutrients were obtained with pulse fertigation depths lower than 100% ETc. Conventional fertilization and pulse irrigation with 100% ETc depth promoted greater accumulation and export of nutrients compared to continuous irrigation. The descending order of nutrient accumulation for both types of fertigation application (pulse and continuous) was: N > K > Ca > P > Mg > S > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu. The descending order of nutrient export by cowpea pods and grains was N > P > Ca > K > Mg > S > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu for pulse fertigation and N > P > Ca > Mg > S > K > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu for continuous fertigation.

Keywords:
Vigna unguiculata ; Plant nutrition; Fertilization via irrigation; Conventional fertilization; Pulse irrigation; Plant nutrition

Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido Avenida Francisco Mota, número 572, Bairro Presidente Costa e Silva, Cep: 5962-5900, Telefone: 55 (84) 3317-8297 - Mossoró - RN - Brazil
E-mail: caatinga@ufersa.edu.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: <carol.silva452@gmail.com>

Soil chemical characterization
pH	P	Ca⁺²	Mg⁺²	Na⁺	K⁺	Al⁺³	H⁺+Al⁺³	SB	CEC	t	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	V	OM
H₂O	Mg dm^-3	--------------------------------- cmol_c dm^-3 ---------------------------------									-------- mg dm^-3 --------				%	g kg^-1
4.5	8.0	1.60	1.0	0.66 0	.18	0.55	4.33	3.44	7.77	3.99	0.10	33.0	9.27	1.08	44.27	2.64
Soil physical characterization
Sand		Silt	Clay		Textural Classification			BD		PD			Total porosity
------------ g kg^-1 ------------						-		----------------- g cm-³ ------------------					------------- % -------------
730		90	180		Sandy loam			1.37		2.52			45.60
Chemical characterization of public-supply water
pH		EC	K⁺	Ca⁺²		Mg⁺²	Na⁺		Ammonia	Sulfate			Alkalinity		Chlorides
-		dS m^-1	------------------------ mg L^-1 ------------------------
6.8		0.2275	4.0	11.22	2.92		32.10	0.00	9.32			54.0		38.04

SV	DF	Mean Square
		Macronutrients
		N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Depths (L)	4	186.696**	4.991**	34.000^ns	22.33**	0.699*	0.753*
Management (M)	1	145.542**	19.289**	412.068**	3.417^ns	1.122*	1.745**
L X M	4	85.517**	0.0706^ns	46.807*	4.709^ns	0.103^ns	0.167^ns
Blocks	3	2.877^ns	0.543^ns	23.392^ns	1.648^ns	0.179^ns	0.507^ns
Residual	26	24.391	0.446	14.064	2.439	0.241	0.241
CV	%	8.06	7.77	22.48	13.54	11.42	18.39
Control	1	136.951*	1.240^ns	33.208**	0.236^ns	0.000^ns	1.319**
Block	3	3.667^ns	1.391^ns	5.125^ns	0.085^ns	0.306^ns	0.145^ns
Residual	3	5.888	1.714	0.580	0.105	0.572	0.061
CV	%	4.01	15.19	5.29	2.74	10.10	8.19
SV	DF	Micronutrients
SV	DF	Fe	Mn		Cu	Zn
Depths (L)	4	2235.911^ns	785.968^ns		2.282^ns	55.301^ns
Management (M)	1	23047.477**	525.1663^ns		0.473^ns	1193.564**
L X M	4	793.104^ns	567.896^ns		10.436*	6.989^ns
Blocks	1	2276.056^ns	95.0200^ns		2.636^ns	126.144^ns
Residual	3	2665.903	346.941		3.064	87.514
CV	%	15.99	11.89		16.26	9.02
Control	1	1806.205*	1892.047*		3.259**	2.606^ns
Block	3	128.362^ns	124.082^ns		0.237^ns	5.239^ns
Residual	3	126.260	133.620		0.130	13.806
CV	%	3.43	7.85		2.99	3.80

SV	DF	Mean Square
		Macronutrients
		N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S
Depths (L)	4	17.053^ns	3.108**	1.648**	0.066^ns	0.137^ns	3.525**
Management (M)	1	87.468^ns	2.623*	0.539^ns	0.335^ns	1.346**	0.323^ns
L X M	4	0.566^ns	0.411^ns	0.065^ns	0.013^ns	0.024^ns	1.759**
Blocks	3	9.543^ns	1.315^ns	0.944*	0.1675^ns	0.040^ns	1.627**
Residual	26	21.439	0.519	0.250	0.166^ns	0.124	0.375
CV	%	13.50	16.43	17.40	11.24	13.67	21.96
Control	1	52.02*	2.123**	0.480**	1.19^ns	0.000^ns	0.383**
Block	3	1.863^ns	0.137^ns	0.0183^ns	0.992^ns	0.003^ns	0.021^ns
Residual	3	3925	0.005	0.015	0.498	0.004	0.007
CV	%	5.45	1.58	3.68	16.15	2.50	6.55
SV	DF	Micronutrients
SV	DF	Fe	Mn		Cu	Zn
Depths (L)	4	101.823^ns			0.824^ns
Management (M)	1	358.088*	123.220**		2.093^ns	211.018**
L X M	4	32.637^ns	142.525*		1.371^ns	10.027
Blocks	1	213.968*	97.435*		1.263^ns	66.213^ns
Residual	3	70.305	26.517		1.464	50.886
CV	%	10.65	14.77		22.99	13.81
Control	1	62.347**	117.78		0.864**	9.665
Block	3	1.926^ns	40.500		0.048^ns	52.929
Residual	3	5.161			0.029
CV	%	3.01	18.82		3.46	7.99