IS THERE GENETIC VARIABILITY IN DWARF COCONUT ACCESSIONS PRESERVED IN BRAZIL?

Sobral, Kamila Marcelino Brito; Queiroz, Manoel Abilio de; Lima Neto, Izaias da Silva; Oliveira, Ronaldo Simão de; Ramos, Semíramis Rabelo Ramalho

doi:10.1590/1983-21252019v32n106rc

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Agronomia • Rev. Caatinga 32 (01) • Jan-Mar 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n106rc copy

IS THERE GENETIC VARIABILITY IN DWARF COCONUT ACCESSIONS PRESERVED IN BRAZIL?¹ 1 Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author.

HÁ VARIABILIDE GENÉTICA EM ACESSOS DE COQUEIRO-ANÃO CONSERVADOS NO BRASIL?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Dwarf coconut tree is the main variety for commercial use in Brazil, which ranks fourth in world coconut production. However, the genotypes used still have limitations and genetic variability is required. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic variability in dwarf coconut accessions preserved at the Germplasm Bank of Brazil at different harvesting times and using agronomic descriptors of plant and fruits. The accessions Brazilian Green Dwarf-Jiqui, Cameroon Red Dwarf, Malayan Red Dwarf, Brazilian Red Dwarf-Gramame, Brazilian Yellow Dwarf-Gramame, and Malayan Yellow Dwarf were assessed by means of 30 descriptors Variance analysis was performed and the genetic diversity was quantified by using the Mahalanobis’ generalized distance and expressed by means of UPGMA clusters, Tocher optimization, and canonical variables. The maximum likelihood analysis was used to estimate the components of variance with the data of each plant in a sample of 11 descriptors of great importance for the genetic improvement of the coconut tree. A phenotypic divergence was found among the accessions using the UPGMA clusters, Tocher optimization and graphic dispersion obtained with canonical variables. The use of the maximum likelihood analysis confirms the existence of genetic variability in the accessions for the descriptors fruit polar and equatorial diameter, nut polar diameter, total fruit weight, and epicarp thickness, which presented a heritability varying from 0.17 to 0.39. There is a possibility of genetic gains with the selection of these traits for use of accessions in breeding programs.

Keywords:
Cocos nucifera L; Phenotypic traits; Multivariate analysis; Germplasm; Plant genetic resources

Descriptors¹	Year 1 (2014)			Year 2 (2015)			Year 3 (2016)			Joint analysis
	MS	CV	Mean	MS	CV	Mean	MS	CV	Mean	MS	CV	Mean
FDP	0.70^**	4.06	21.07	0.30**	2.84	20.19	0.09**	1.53	20.22	0.10^**	1.99	20.50
FED	1.10^**	6.90	15.22	0.40*	4.70	14.92	0.10^**	2.10	15.27	0.30^**	3.67	15.14
NPD	23.80^*	4.55	107.36	25.80^**	4.93	103.12	5.30^**	2.20	104.36	10.90^**	3.15	104.95
NED	38.30^ns	6.42	95.17	36.30^ns	5.95	101.26	8.10^**	2.65	107.34	17.50^ns	4.13	101.26
FPC	5.80^**	4.38	55.10	2.90^**	3.15	54.95	0.80**	1.66	54.56	1.70^**	2.40	54.87
FEC	8.20^**	6.12	46.98	3.90^**	4.12	47.88	0.70^**	1.79	47.84	2.50^**	3.36	47.57
VLE	1992.90^ns	17.28	258.32	3283.60^ns	18.05	317.37	934.6^**	8.11	376.87	1160.1^*	10.27	317.52
SSC	0.04^**	3.16	6.54	0.06^**	3.87	6.37	0.08^ns	4.68	6.06	0.20^**	7.54	6.40
pH	0.01^ns	1.62	6.31	0.01^**	2.24	5.26	0.00^**	1.48	5.21	0.00^**	1.06	5.60
TFW	0.05^**	8.95	1.69	0.05^**	12.56	1.83	0.00^**	5.17	1.84	0.02^**	8.45	1.790
FWWLE	0.03^**	13.23	1.46	0.02^**	10.75	1.50	0.00^**	5.89	1.43	0.01^**	7.82	1.450
LAW	0.00^ns	15.21	0.28	0.00^ns	21.67	0.329	0.00^**	6.63	0.41	0.01^*	12.11	0.34
SAW	0.00^ns	16.56	0.15	0.00^**	15.02	0.172	0.00^ns	9.34	0.17	0.00^**	11.27	0.17
EDW	0.00^*	10.83	0.14	0.00^**	15.39	0.150	0.00^**	6.03	0.15	0.00^**	9.60	0.15
NW	0.00^ns	13.21	0.44	0.01^*	17.78	0.652	0.00^**	5.20	0.73	0.00^**	10.52	0.65
EPW	0.02^**	13.76	1.12	0.01^**	10.30	1.184	0.00^**	8.31	1.09	0.00^**	7.88	1.13
AWT	0.39^*	10.40	6.06	0.06^**	4.60	5.67	0.10^**	7.70	5.33	0.06^**	4.43	5.69
EDT	0.08^**	7.19	4.05	0.05^**	6.70	3.64	0.04^**	6.13	3.62	0.02^**	3.97	3.78
EPT	2.71^**	7.38	22.31	0.72^**	4.24	20.06	1.10^**	6.03	17.60	0.70^**	4.34	19.99
NF	291.4^**	27.25	62.62	208.2^**	11.79	70.70	108.30^**	17.83	58.37	144.8^**	19.06	63.16
NLL	5.70^**	9.27	24.79	4.70^**	8.02	27.15	4.00^**	5.04	27.63	4.40^**	7.98	26.29
NEL	1.97^**	11.89	11.84	1.90^**	8.31	16.82	2.00^**	9.30	15.28	1.05^**	7.01	14.64
NDL	1.59^**	11.74	10.75	1.40^ns	18.13	6.52	2.40^**	12.67	12.39	0.90^**	9.95	9.89
PL	53.2^ns	6.95	104.84	55.50^*	6.59	113.16	24.30^ns	4.14	119.13	32.80^ns	5.10	112.38
PW	0.11^**	4.87	6.94	0.09^**	4.48	6.96	0.04^**	3.11	6.47	0.05^**	3.38	6.80
PT	0.64^**	3.26	24.63	1.00^*	4.44	23.53	0.40^**	2.70	24.23	0.40^**	2.83	24.14
RL	0.07*	6.89	4.09	0.04^*	4.46	4.30	0.01^**	2.75	4.37	2.80^ns	4.47	37.97
NL	20.5^**	2.42	187.28	113.50^**	1.89	184.67	9.60^ns	1.67	186.57	17.80^**	2.28	185.19
LL	59.4^**	6.66	115.75	146.60^**	5.07	117.05	18.10^**	3.44	123.65	43.30^**	5.29	119.80
LW	0.07**	5.40	5.20	0.04^**	4.10	5.23	0.02^**	3.14	4.84	0.02^**	2.91	5.09

Group

Acessions in each group with fruit format*

1 MRD, BRDG, BYDG, MYD, BGDJ

2 CRD

	Year I		Year II		Year III		Joint analysis
Descriptors¹	%	TAV	%	TAV	%	TAV	%	TAV
FDP	9.09	9.09	0.72	0.72	3.45	3.45	16.63	16.63
FED	11.86	20.95	4.52	5.24	1.03	4.47	1.46	18.09
NPD	2.06	23.01	8.72	13.96	2.16	6.64	11.60	29.69
NED	0.98	23.99	7.81	21.76	1.76	8.39	3.51	33.21
FPC	10.47	34.47	0.94	22.70	7.74	16.13	21.66	54.87
FEC	2.57	37.03	4.61	27.31	12.28	28.41	1.19	56.06
VLE	1.48	38.51	1.16	28.46	4.67	33.08	4.78	60.84
SSC	0.05	38.57	1.19	29.65	0.43	33.51	0.38	61.22
pH	0.16	38.73	0.21	29.87	0.74	34.25	0.91	62.13
TFW	0.47	39.20	0.78	30.65	1.37	35.62	1.90	64.03
FWWLE	0.08	39.28	0.35	30.99	0.32	35.94	0.49	64.52
LAW	0.06	39.34	0.02	31.02	0.29	36.22	0.35	64.87
SAW	0.01	39.35	0.08	31.10	0.05	36.27	0.46	65.33
EDW	0.01	39.36	0.03	31.12	0.04	36.31	0.40	65.73
NW	0.01	39.38	0.23	31.36	0.93	37.24	1.16	66.89
EPW	4.90	44.28	0.93	32.29	2.16	39.40	0.48	67.37
AWT	0.87	45.15	7.82	40.11	2.07	41.47	0.74	68.11
EDT	1.60	46.75	0.24	40.35	0.20	41.67	1.64	69.74
EPT	6.91	53.66	18.22	58.56	4.70	46.37	2.22	71.96
NF	0.68	54.34	8.81	67.38	4.40	50.77	9.15	81.11
NLL	7.70	62.04	4.23	71.61	14.68	65.44	0.64	81.76
NEL	0.96	62.99	0.75	72.35	7.31	72.75	6.55	88.31
NDL	0.72	63.71	0.51	72.86	4.79	77.54	2.40	90.71
PL	0.26	63.98	1.62	74.48	2.11	79.65	2.14	92.85
PW	1.62	65.60	0.97	75.46	1.81	81.46	1.61	94.46
PT	13.41	79.01	0.59	76.04	8.81	90.27	0.90	95.36
RL	0.68	79.70	1.70	77.74	2.07	92.34	0.01	95.37
NL	4.59	84.29	11.58	89.32	0.90	93.24	2.09	97.46
LL	12.59	96.88	9.57	98.89	4.43	97.67	1.67	99.13
LW	3.12	100.00	1.11	100.00	2.33	100.00	0.87	100.00

Descriptors ¹	Vg	Vparc	Ve	Vf	h²G	c2parc
FDP	0.62	0.77	2.19	3.60	0.17 ± 0.04	0.21
FED	0.58	0.52	1.62	2.74	0.21 ± 0.05	0.19
NPD	13.08	19.18	44.13	76.82	0.17 ± 0.04	0.24
NED	2.18	47.56	69.80	120.00	0.01 ± 0.01	0.39
VLE	602.26	4554.18	5476.74	10676.53	0.05 ± 0.02	0.42
SSC	0.02	0.02	0.37	0.42	0.05 ± 0.02	0.05
pH	0.00	0.28	0.05	0.34	0.00 ± 0.00	0.84
TFW	0.08	0.03	0.08	0.20	0.39 ± 0.07	0.17
EPW	0.07	0.01	0.04	0.13	0.57 ± 0.08	0.11
EPT	8.15	6.00	10.04	24.31	0.33 ± 0.06	0.24
NF	108.48	392.89	867.36	1378.79	0.07 ± 0.03	0.28

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[1] * Corresponding author: semiramis.ramos@embrapa.br

Brasil

Brasil

IS THERE GENETIC VARIABILITY IN DWARF COCONUT ACCESSIONS PRESERVED IN BRAZIL?1 1 Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author.

HÁ VARIABILIDE GENÉTICA EM ACESSOS DE COQUEIRO-ANÃO CONSERVADOS NO BRASIL?

ABSTRACT

IS THERE GENETIC VARIABILITY IN DWARF COCONUT ACCESSIONS PRESERVED IN BRAZIL?¹ 1 Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author.