Respostas morfológicas de híbridos de milho em competição com picãopreto

Galon, Leandro; Silva, Antônio M. L. da; Brunetto, Leonardo; Melo, Thais S.; Dill, Jaqueline M.; Concenço, Germani

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Agronomy • Rev. Caatinga 36 (1) • Jan-Mar 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n105rc copiar

Respostas morfológicas de híbridos de milho em competição com picãopreto

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

O estudo das interações competitivas entre espécies cultivadas e não cultivadas pode ser uma ferramenta importante no manejo integrado de plantas daninhas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a habilidade competitiva de híbridos de milho na presença do picão-preto, testando-se diferentes proporções de plantas nas associações. Tanto para os híbridos de milho (Dekalb 230 PRO3, Pioneer 30F53 VYH, Brevant 2B433 PW e Syngenta 505 VIP3) quanto para o picão-preto, a densidade final foi de 20 indivíduos vaso^-1, determinada em experimentos preliminares. Após foram instalados ensaios em série de substituição, nas diferentes combinações das espécies, variando-se as proporções relativas (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 e 0:100%). A análise da competitividade das espécies foi efetuada por meio de diagramas aplicados a experimentos substitutivos e pelos índices de competitividade relativa. Os híbridos de milho apresentaram menor perda ao reduzirem as variáveis morfológicas do picão-preto e demonstraram superioridade na habilidade competitiva em relação a planta daninha. Ocorreu competição entre os híbridos de milho na presença do picãopreto, sendo afetados negativamente, independentemente da proporção de plantas, provocando reduções na estatura de plantas, diâmetro de caule, área foliar e massa seca. Observou-se redução média de 10 e 86% da MS dos híbridos de milho e da planta daninha, respectivamente ao se comparar a ausência de competição com qualquer das densidades associadas, sendo a competição intraespecífica mais prejudicial do que a interespecífica. Os híbridos de milho e o picão-preto competem pelos mesmos recursos do meio, sendo a cultura mais competitiva do que a planta daninha.

Palavras-Chave:
Zea mays ; Bidens pilosa ; Interação entre plantas; Interferência

Company	Pedigree	Type	Cycle and biotechnology
Bayer	Dekalb 230 PRO3	Simple hybrid	Short – Super Short / VT PRO3
Pioneer	Pioneer 30F53 VYH	Simple hybrid	Short / Leptra
Brevant	2B433 PW	Simple hybrid	Super Short / PowerCore
Syngenta	NK 505 VIP3	Simple hybrid	Short / VIP3

Plant proportion Maize: Hairy beggarticks	Plant height		Stem diameter		Leaf area		Dry mass
	Dekalb 230 PRO3
	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed
100:0	81.21	81.62	10.01	6.18	3757.67	1066.18	205.44	59.56
75:25	91.88^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	53.44^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	11.32	3.99	3184.82	1009.96	145.61^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	11.22^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).
50:50	87.96^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	53.16^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	13.76^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	5.10	6956.89^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	617.85 ^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	154.07^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	9.94^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).
25:75	104.89^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	36.81^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	14.13^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	3.59	8181.13^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	347.95^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	190.14	2.63^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).
C.V (%)	3.90	8.20	7.90	13.10	15.70	38.50	7.90	15.70

Plant proportion	Pioneer 30F53VYH
Plant proportion	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed
100:0	79.71	69.62	11.67	6.88	2935.50	925.32	151.97	69.72
75:25	89.75	88.35^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	13.24	4.92^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	3933.16^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	1099.00^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	176.07	29.58^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).
50:50	93.48^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	26.31^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	14.54^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	3.10^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	4807.52^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	456.11^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	142.57	7.13^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).
25:75	91.85	32.33^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	18.36^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	3.55^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	5821.24^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	248.20^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	107.86	1.73^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).
C.V (%)	10.10	17.00	9.90	15.10	13.70	28.60	28.60	8.00

Plant proportion	Brevant 2B433 PW
Plant proportion	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed
100:0	92.19	69.62	11.64	6.88	3513.73	925.32	165.30	69.72
75:25	93.46	53.42^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	12.96	4.17^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	4483.95^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	759.01	188.62	12.44^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).
50:50	98.44	33.27^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	14.05^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	2.03^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	6082.74^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	405.84^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	235.03^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	2.94^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).
25:75	110.75^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	38.75^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	17.22^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	2.98^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	8954.33^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	330.70^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	140.69	1.80^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).
C.V (%)	6.00	21.10	7.70	12.10	5.80	20.00	10.10	11.00

Plant proportion	Syngenta NK 505VIP3
Plant proportion	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed	Maize	Weed
100:0	83.49	81.62	10.74	6.18	3531.20	1066.18	200.41	59.56
75:25	91.12	48.08^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	11.32	4.44^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	4027.75	841.05	152.56	22.73^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).
50:50	83.04	34.64^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	15.62^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	3.44^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	4545.10^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	551.23^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	164.13	6.35^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).
25:75	103.98^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	26.62^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	17.77^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	2.22^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	7338.76^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	194.94^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).	153.97	0.66^* *Means differ from the control (T) by Dunnett's (p<0.05).
C.V (%)	6.00	11.90	7.70	15.40	7.70	46.70	33.50	54.50

Hybrid	CR	Kx (maize)	Ky (weed)	A
Hybrid	Stem diameter (DC)
Dekalb 230	1.686 ± 0.124^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	2.253 ± 0.238^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.711 ± 0.071	0.275 ± 0.034^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).
Pioneer 30F53	2.839 ± 0.261^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	1.667 ± 0.108^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.295 ± 0.039	0.398 ± 0.020^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).
Brevant 2B433	4.110 ± 0.185^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	1.565 ± 0.194^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.173 ± 0.011	0.456 ± 0.024^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).
Syngenta 505	2.642 ± 0.160^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	2.670 ± 0.042^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.389 ± 0.037	0.449 ± 0.018^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).

	Plant height (ES)
Dekalb 230	2.786 ± 0.277^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	3.194 ± 4.372^ns	0.512 ± 0.044	0.589 ± 0.076^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).
Pioneer 30F53	3.200 ± 0.354^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	1.452 ± 0.165^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.235 ± 0.030	0.397 ± 0.031^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).
Dow 2B433	2.356 ± 0.340^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	1.148 ± 0.043^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.320 ± 0.050	0.295 ± 0.032^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).
Syngenta 505	2.364 ± 0.110^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.992 ± 0.043^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.271 ± 0.022	0.285 ± 0.007^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).

	Leaf area (AF)
Dekalb 230	1.664 ± 0.058^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	1.190 ± 0.080^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.483 ± 0.009	0.216 ±0.018^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).
Pioneer 30F53	3.785 ± 0.794^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	5.293 ± 1.545^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.344 ± 0.087	0.572 ±0.061^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).
Dow 2B433	3.951 ± 0.115^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	6.985 ± 1.395^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.281 ± 0.006	0.646 ±0.019^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).
Syngenta 505	2.514 ± 0.184^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	1.835 ± 0.167^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.350 ± 0.022	0.385 ±0.032^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).

	Aboveground dry mass (DM)
Dekalb 230	4.810 ± 0.740^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.601 ± 0.025^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.092 ± 0.014	0.292 ±0.017^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).
Pioneer 30F53	11.433 ± 3.649	0.895 ± 0.088^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.054 ± 0.012	0.418 ±0.027^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).
Dow 2B433	33.887 ± 1.203^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	2.543 ± 0.321^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.022 ± 0.001	0.690± 0.024^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).
Syngenta 505	7.881 ± 1.378^* *Significan difference according to the t-test (p<0.05).	0.798 ± 0.281	0.056 ± 0.007	0.356 ± 0.073

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[1] *Corresponding author: <leandro.galon@uffs.edu.br>