<i>Chrysoperla externa</i> (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) predate eggs of <i>Duponchelia fovealis</i> (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a pest of strawberry

Gonçalves, Rodrimar B.; Araujo, Emily S.; Moraes, Bruno R. de; Pimentel, Ida C.; Rosa, Joatan M. da; Bernardi, Daniel; Zawadneak, Maria A. C.

doi:10.1590/1983-21252024v3712178rc

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Scientific Article • Rev. Caatinga 37 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252024v3712178rc copy

Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) predate eggs of Duponchelia fovealis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a pest of strawberry

Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) preda ovos de Duponchelia fovealis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), uma praga do morangueiro

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Duponchelia fovealis is an important pest in strawberry crops. In search of an alternative biological control method, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of a diet composed of Ephestia kuehniella or D. fovealis eggs offered to Chrysoperla externa larvae on their subsequent development and survival under controlled conditions. Biological and reproductive parameters of C. externa were assessed. Additionally, the daily predation of D. fovealis eggs by C. externa was analyzed. Finally, a fertility life table was constructed. The egg-to-pupa development time differed significantly between diets. The weights of firstand second-generation male C. externa pupae were significantly higher when fed on D. fovealis eggs. Males tended to live longer on a diet based on D. fovealis eggs, but females presented no significant differences between diets. The oviposition period tended to be longer for C. externa fed on D. fovealis eggs. The time between generations and the net reproductive rate were greater for C. externa fed on D. fovealis eggs. The results showed that D. fovealis eggs are a suitable diet for the development of C. externa. This information is important for developing protocols for the use of C. externa as a biocontrol agent against this pest.

Keywords
Fragaria ×; ananassa; Lacewings; Biocontrol agent; Prey quality; Insect rearing

Generation	Diet (eggs)	Incubation of eggs	----- 1^st instar -----		----- 2^nd instar -----	----- 3^rd instar -----	-- 1^st to 3^rd instar --
Generation	Diet (eggs)	N days	n	days	n Days	n days	n	days
F1	E. kuehniella D. fovealis	120 6.01 ± 0.03 119 6.05 ± 0.04	117 118	3.20 ± 0.04 3.21 ± 0.04	115 2.90 ± 0.02 117 2.77 ± 0.04	114 2.86 ± 0.04 4.13 ± 0.08	114 115	8.97 ± 0.06 10.13 ± 0.07
F1	H Statistics	0.30159		0.00	62.495	112.43		95.07
	p-value	0.5829		1	0.01242	< 0.001		< 0.001
F2	E. kuehniella D. fovealis	119 5.21 ± 0.04 5.42 ± 0.05	116 115	3.55 ± 0.04 3.55 ± 0.05	113 3.00 ± 0.04 113 3.34 ± 0.06	111 3.61 ± 0.05 110 3.62 ± 0.05	111 110	10.16 ± 0.06 10.46 ± 0.07
F2	H Statistics	12.234	0.0087894		20.983	0.083908		86.227
	p-value	< 0.001	0.9253		0.004633	0.7721	0.00332

Generation	Diet (eggs)	------- Pre-pupa -------		------------ Pupa ------------		------- Egg to pupa -------
Generation	Diet (eggs)	n	days	n	days	n	days
F1	E. kuehniella D. fovealis	114 115	1.03 ± 0.017 1.00 ± 0.086	112 113	9.79 ± 2.71 9.41 ± 0.08	112 113	25.72 ± 0.09 26.64 ± 0.09
F1	H Statistics p-value		1.9134 0.1666		13.804 < 0.001		60.69 < 0.001
F2	E. kuehniella D. fovealis	111 110	1.00 ± 0.00 1.00 ± 0.00	110 109	10.06 ± 0.04 10.06 ± 0.06	110 109	26.91 ± 0.08 27.01 ± 0.00
F2	H Statistics p-value		11.667 0.2801		0.098472 0.7537		17.694 0.02595

Generation	Diet (eggs)		Pupal weight
			Male		Female
			n	mg	n	mg
	E. kuehniella		50	0.0058 ± 0.0001	62	0.0077 ±0.0001
	D. fovealis		49	0.0066 ± 0.0001	64	0.0077 ±0.0001
F1	Nonparametric statistics	H		13.044
		p-value		0.0003042
	Parametric statistics	F-value				0.064
		p-value				0.8
	E. kuehniella		55	0.0072 ± 0.0001	52	0.010 ±0.001
F2	D. fovealis		56	0.0079 ± 0.0001	53	0.008 ±0.0001
F2	Nonparametric statistics	H		9.4481		1.7455
		p-value		0.002114		0.1864

Generation	Diet (eggs)					Longevity
			---- Malformed ----		Sex ratio	Male	Female
			N	n		days	days
F1	E. kuehniella fovealis		112 113	0 0	0.55 0.56	72.77 ± 4.97 84.22 ± 3.43	84.72 ± 4.52 87.73 ± 4.12
	Nonparametric statistics	H p-value					0.47357 0.4914
	Parametric statistics	F-value				3.736
		p-value				0.0562
F2	E. kuehniella fovealis		107 109	2 1	0.48 0.48

Diet (eggs)	n		Period (days)
Diet (eggs)	n	Incubation	Pre-oviposition	Oviposition	Post-oviposition
Ephestia kuehniella	10	5.63 ± 0.07	2.89 ± 0.20	75.80 ± 5.96	8.10 ± 3.24
Duponchelia fovealis	10	6.35 ± 0.19	2.80 ± 0.29	92.20 ± 4.02	3.00 ± 1.19
			Statistical analysis
H		72.059	0.026389	35.985	17.053
p-value		0.007	0.871	0.05783	0.1916

Diet (eggs)	n	Oviposition			Longevity (days)
Diet (eggs)	n	Daily average oviposition	Total	Viability (%)	Male	Female
Ephestia kuehniella	10	22.42 ± 0.78	1731.3 ± 150.0	87.8	111.30 ± 3.47	86.70 ± 7.27
Duponchelia fovealis	10	20.72 ± 1.52	1888.4 ± 89.8	84.3	107.60 ± 5.01	98.00 ± 4.13
			Statistical analysis
H			0.28063		0.20696
p-value			0.5963		0.6492
F-value		0.991				1.825
p-value		0.333				0.193

Diet (eggs)	T (days)	Ro (♀ / ♀)	r_m (♀ / ♀^*day)	λ
Ephestia kuehniella	44.73 ± 0.74 b	885.56 ± 76.73 b	0.152 ± 0.001 a	1.164 ± 0.002 a
Duponchelia fovealis	46.38 ± 0.15 a	1004.63 ± 47.78 a	0.150 ± 0.001 a	1.160 ± 0.001 a

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[1] * Corresponding author: esilva@cita-aragon.es