Soil physical properties and soybean productivity in succession to cover crops

Deimling, Katiely Aline Anschau; Seidel, Edleusa Pereira; Rosset, Jean Sérgio; Mottin, Marcos Cesar; Herrmann, Daniela da Rocha; Favorito, Amanda Cecato

doi:10.1590/0034-737X201966040010

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Soil Science and Plant Nutrition • Rev. Ceres 66 (4) • Jul-Aug 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X201966040010 copy

Soil physical properties and soybean productivity in succession to cover crops¹ 1 This work is part of the dissertation of the first author.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this research was to assess soybean productivity in succession to cover crops grown during the winter, in addition to assessing physical properties macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), total porosity (Pt), soil density (Sd) and aggregate stability by means of the following variables: aggregate stability index, geometric mean diameter and weighted mean diameter after soybean crop cultivation. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Quatro Pontes, PR, using a randomized-block design with six treatments and four replications. Treatments consisted of soybean crop grown on top of different cover plants’ haystack: black oat, black oat + forage turnip, forage turnip, black oat + forage pea, forage pea and control. Significant differences were observed for soil macroporosity and density. At the depth of 0.10 m, the highest Ma was observed in the area with oat and oat + turnip haystack. At other depths, all cover crops were superior to control. Treatments with cover crops were efficient in reducing soil PR. As for soil aggregation, the treatment with pea was superior to control for weighted mean diameter. The treatments with soybean sown after intercropping obtained greater mass, as well as higher productivity.

Keywords:
green fertilizers; soil aggregation; Glycine max L.; production.

Universidade Federal de Viçosa Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 31) 3612-2078 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: ceres@ufv.br

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[1] * Corresponding author: katy_aline@hotmail.com

Depths(m)	Macroporosity (m³ m^-3)
Oat		Turnip	Pea	Turnip+Oat	Pea+Oat	Control
0,0 - 0,1	0.1102 a	0.1032ab	0.1069a	0.1125 a	0.1058 ab	0.0990 b
0,1 - 0,2	0. 1013 a	0.1030 a	0.1031a	0.1073 a	0.1031 a	0.0903 b
0,2 - 0,3	0.0999 a	0.0997 a	0.0971a	0.1012 a	0.0993 a	0.0883 b
0,3 - 0,4	0.0962a	0.0959 a	0,.0956a	0.0961 a	0.0962 a	0.0825 b
Microporosity (m³ m^-3)
Oat		Turnip	Pea	Turnip+Oat	Pea+Oat	Control
0,0 - 0,1	0.4325^ns	0.4353	0.4278	0.4535^ns	0.4636^ns	0.4408
0,1 - 0,2	0.4503	0.4407	0.4698	0.4108^ns	0.4659^ns	0.4711
0,2 - 0,3	0.4270	0.4551	0.4907	0.4784^ns	0.4750^ns	0.4804
0,3 - 0,4	0.4544	0.4655	0.4734	0.4529^ns	0.4757^ns	0.4690
Total porosity (m³ m^-3)
Oat		Turnip	Pea	Turnip+Oat	Pea+Oat	Control
0,0 - 0,1	0.5427^ns	0.5411	0.5362	0.5662	0.5705	0.5398
0,1 - 0,2	0.5478	0.5443	0.5729	0.5182	0.5690	0.5612
0,2 - 0,3	0.5286	0.5548	0.5879	0.5797	0.5751	0.5687
0,3 - 0,4	0.5391	0.5509	0.5690	0.5490	0.5718	0.5515
Soil density (mg m^-³)
Oat		Turnip	Pea	Turnip+Oat	Pea+Oat	Control
0,0 - 0,1	1.18^ns	1.18	1.13	1.19	1.19	1.12
0,1 - 0,2	1.22 a	1.27 ab	1.23ab	1.25 ab	1.22 a	1.37 b
0,2 - 0,3	1.25 a	1.32 a	1.28 a	1.34 a	1.26 a	1.48 b
0,3 - 0,4	1.25^ns	1.37	1.27	1.29	1.26	1.35

Treatment	WMD (mm)	GMD (mm)	ASI (%)
0.0 - 0.2 m
Oat	2.36 ab	1.35 ^ns	98.64 ^ns
Turnip	2.72 ab	1.74	98.03
Pea	2.77 a	1.73	98.08
Turnip + Oat	2.37 ab	1.39	98.26
Pea + Oat	2.47 ab	1.46	99.58
Control	2.25 b	1.20	97.61
0.2 - 0.4 m
Oat	2.34 ^ns	1.38 ^ns	98.89 ^ns
Turnip	2.62	1.64	98.66
Pea	2.69	1.63	98.78
Turnip + Oat	2.46	1.37	98.27
Pea + Oat	2.69	1.61	98.47
Control	2.25	1.24	96.87^s

Cover crops	Number of pods	Plant height	Plant population	Mass of 1.000 beans	Productivity
		^_____cm^____		^______g^______	^___ton ha^-1___
Oat	71^ns	85.3^ns	11.9 ^ns	234.7 ab	4.77 a
Turnip	80	75.5	12.1	221.0 ab	4.64 ab
Pea	74	80.1	12.3	257.7 a	4.84 a
Turnip+Oat	78	77.4	12.2	250.0 a	4.84 a
Pea+Oat	77	75.5	11.6	244.7 a	4.75 a
Control	69	73.4	11.5	202.7 b	4.25 b

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Soil physical properties and soybean productivity in succession to cover crops1 1 This work is part of the dissertation of the first author.

ABSTRACT

Soil physical properties and soybean productivity in succession to cover crops¹ 1 This work is part of the dissertation of the first author.