Morning salivary cortisol with regard to gender in individuals with perceived facial pain

Galvão-Moreira, Leonardo Victor; Andrade, Cláudia Monteiro de; Oliveira, Jéssica Francisca Fernandes de; Monteiro, Silvio Gomes; Figueiredo, Patricia de Maria Silva; Branco-de-Almeida, Luciana Salles

doi:10.5935/1806-0013.20160082

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. dor 17 (4) • Oct-Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-0013.20160082 copy

Morning salivary cortisol with regard to gender in individuals with perceived facial pain

Cortisol salivar matutino em relação ao sexo em indivíduos com sintomas de dor facial

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Facial pain seems to be related to physiological responses to stress and sexual dimorphism. However, the relationship among facial pain, cortisol secretion and gender has been poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate differences in morning salivary cortisol profile between males and females either with or without perceived facial pain symptoms.

METHODS:

Participated in the study 39 individuals reporting facial pain and 33 painless controls of both genders. Facial pain symptoms were evaluated with Axis II Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, which has supplied chronic pain scores. Saliva was collected in the morning to obtain cortisol peaks, being stored for further use. Salivary cortisol levels were evaluated by immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis has included hypotheses tests and ANOVA with significance level of 5% and a binary logistic regression, which has tested the association between gender, cortisol and each facial pain symptom.

RESULTS:

There has been no association between facial pain and gender. Cortisol levels were similar among individuals with and without facial pain, regardless of gender. The adjusted model has shown that most symptoms were not associated to gender, regardless of cortisol levels.

CONCLUSION:

In individuals with and without facial pain symptoms, morning salivary cortisol levels regulation has been similar for both genders.

Keywords:
Chronic pain; Comorbidity; Cortisol; Facial pain; Gender; Psychological stress

Facial pain symptom	Gender		Facial pain symptom	Gender
	OR (95% CI)	p value		OR (95% CI)	p value
Difficulty opening the mouth	0.3 (0.03 – 2.9)	0.27	Malocclusion sensation	1.0 (0.2 – 4.2)	0.99
Difficulty in lateralization	1.4 (0.2 – 7.6)	0.57	Perceived stress	0.9 (––)	0.46
Chewing pain	1.5 (0.4 – 5.8)	0.79	Awake bruxism	0.7 (0.2 – 2.7)	0.61
Frequent headache	2.5 (0.6 – 10.2)	0.09	Sleep bruxism	0.3 (0.07 – 1.3)	0.10
Neck pain	0.9 (0.3 – 3.6)	0.87	Night-awake	1.7 (0.5 – 6.4)	0.68
Earache or TMJ pain	1.5 (0.4 – 5.8)	0.68	Restless sleep	1.6 (0.4 – 6.3)	0.09
TMJ noise	1.3 (0.3 – 4.8)	0.20	Difficulty falling asleep	3.2 (0.8 – 12.9)	0.58
Parafunctional habit	0.8 (0.2 – 3.7)	0.70	Pain (> 1 year)	0.3 (0.07 – 1.3)	0.10

Facial pain symptom	Variable	Adjusted OR	p value	Facial pain symptom	Variable	Adjusted OR	p value
		(95% CI)				(95% CI)
Difficulty opening the mouth	Cortisol		0.81	Malocclusion sensation	Cortisol		0.21
	Gender	– (––)	0.99		Gender	0.602 (0.09–3.73)	0.58
Difficulty in lateralization	Cortisol		0.84	Perceived stress	Cortisol		0.14
	Gender	0.93 (0.07–12.08)	0.96		Gender	– (––)	0.99
Chewing pain	Cortisol		0.96	Awake bruxism	Cortisol		0.45
	Gender	1.88 (0.41–8.52)	0.41		Gender	0.75 (0.16–3.45)	0.71
Frequent headache	Cortisol		0.79	Sleep bruxism	Cortisol		0.82
	Gender	3.62 (0.62–20.95)	0.15		Gender	0.39 (0.08–1.93)	0.25
Neck pain	Cortisol		0.33	Night-awake	Cortisol		0.94
	Gender	0.91 (0.19–4.27)	0.90		Gender	1.94 (0.42–8.82)	0.39
Earache or TMJ pain	Cortisol		0.33	Restless sleep	Cortisol		0.97
	Gender	1.32 (0.28–6.29)	0.72		Gender	3.67 (0.63–21.26)	0.14
TMJ noise	Cortisol		0.07	Difficulty falling asleep	Cortisol		0.18
	Gender	0.87 (0.16–4.69)	0.87		Gender	14.60 (1.43–149.02)	0.02^* * p<0.05.
Parafunctional habit	Cortisol		0.42	Pain (> 1 year)	Cortisol		0.82
	Gender	0.61 (0.11–3.34)	0.65		Gender	0.39 (0.08–1.93)	0.25

Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo da Dor Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 937 cj 2, 04014-012 São Paulo SP Brasil, Tel.: (55 11) 5904 3959, Fax: (55 11) 5904 2881 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: dor@dor.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Correspondence to: Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Departamento de Odontologia II Av. dos Portugueses, 1.966 - Bacanga 65085-580, São Luís, MA, Brasil. E-mail: luciana.salles@ufma.br