Reiki como cuidado de enfermería a las personas en sufrimiento psíquico: revisión integrativa

Santos, Cândida Maria Rodrigues dos; Crispim, Marília de Oliveira; Silva, Thassia Thame de Moura; Souza, Rute Costa Régis de; Frazão, Cecília Maria Farias de Queiroz; Frazão, Iracema da Silva

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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Sumário

REVIEW • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 74 (suppl 3) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0458 copiar

Reiki como cuidado de enfermería a las personas en sufrimiento psíquico: revisión integrativa

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

Analizar evidencias científicas del uso del Reiki como estrategia de cuidado a las personas en sufrimiento psíquico.

Métodos:

Revisión integrativa en las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science y BVS. Incluidos artículos en inglés, portugués y español, sin restricción cuanto al año de publicación, que respondieran a la interrogación con uso de la estrategia PICo: “¿Cuáles las evidencias científicas sobre el uso del Reiki como estrategia de cuidado a la persona en sufrimiento psíquico?”.

Resultados:

Diez artículos compusieron la muestra final. El uso del Reiki presentó beneficios como estrategia de cuidado en el estrés, ansiedad, síntomas depresivos, alivio del dolor y mejora en la calidad de vida, sea la terapia utilizada de forma aislada o complementar a otro tratamiento.

Conclusión:

El desarrollo de competencias de los enfermeros y demás profesionales de salud utilizando el Reiki contribuye para la mejoría de los estándares de calidad de los cuidados.

Descriptores:
Sufrimiento Psíquico; Terapias Holísticas; Toque Terapéutico; Cuidados de Enfermería; Revisión

Author, year, country of origin, database	Type of study, level of evidence	Target population	Instrument	Outcome	Nursing care strategy
Author, year, country of origin, database	Type of study, level of evidence	Target population	Instrument	Outcome	Reiki protocol	Reiki + adjuvant therapy
BESSA et al., 2017⁽³3 Barroso AGC, Abreu LM de, Bezerra MAA, Ibiapina SLD, Brito HB de. Mental disorders: the meaning for relatives. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2019 Oct 20];17(03):99-108. Available from: https://periodicos.unifor.br/RBPS/article/download/686/2054 https://periodicos.unifor.br/RBPS/articl... ⁾ Brasil BVS	Clinical trial Level II	Adults that sought therapy regardless of their clinical condition	Subjective wellbeing scale	Improvement in the dimension of positive affections, with no influence on the dimension of negative affections and on the satisfaction with the life of subjective wellbeing	Three sessions of approximately 42 minutes each, with an interval of seven days between them.	Only Reiki
BREMNER et al., 2016⁽³⁵35 Bremner MN, Blake BJ, Wagner VD, Pearcey SM. Effects of Reiki with music compared to music only among people living with HIV. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2016;27(5):635-47. https://doi.org10.1016/j.jana.2016.04.004 https://doi.org10.1016/j.jana.2016.04.00... ⁾ the United States BVS	Mixed methods Level II	Adults with HIV	Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), Visual analog scales (VAS) for pain and anxiety	Diminution of the scores in the scales of depression, stress, anxiety, and pain	Six 30-minute weekly sessions	Reiki and music
ORSAK et al., 2015⁽³⁶36 Orsak G, Stevens AM, Brufsky A, Kajumba M, Dougall AL. The effects of Reiki Therapy and companionship on quality of life, mood, and symptom distress during chemotherapy. J Evid Based Complement Altern Med [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2019 Oct 20];20(1):20-7. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2156587214556313 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/... ⁾ the United States BVS	Clinical trialLevel II	Adults undergoing chemotherapy	Profile of Mood States Short Form Questionnaire	Reiki was classified as relaxing, with no side effects Reiki and the companion groups reported mood improvements	During each chemotherapy session, a 30-minute Reiki session was carried out; a total of four Reiki sessions were carried out	Reiki and groups of companions
BIROCCO et al., 2012⁽³¹31 Birocco N, Guillame C, Storto S, Ritorto G, Catino C, Gir N, et al. The effects of Reiki therapy on pain and anxiety in patients attending a day oncology and infusion services Unit. Am J Hosp Palliat Med [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2019 Oct 20];29(4):290-4. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1049909111420859 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/... ⁾ ItalyBVS	Quasi-experimental Study Level III	Adults undergoing chemotherapy	Visual analog scales (VAS) for pain and anxiety	In patients who received the four Reiki sessions, there was a statistically significant diminution in the mean score of the Visual Analog Scales (VAS) for anxiety	Each Reiki session lasted for about 30 minutes. A maximum of four sessions of Reiki were applied in four sessions of chemotherapy	Only Reiki
CUNEO et al., 2011⁽³²32 Cuneo CL, Curtis Cooper MR, Drew CS, Naoum-Heffernan C, Sherman T, Walz K, et al. The effect of Reiki on work-related stress of the registered nurse. J Holist Nurs [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2020 Jan 28];29(1):33-43. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0898010110377294 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/... ⁾ the United StatesBVS	Quasi-Experimental Study Level III	Nurses	Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)	Participants who practiced Reiki with the most frequency presented diminished stress scores, according to the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)	Nurses self-applied Reiki in sessions lasting from 10 to 15 minutes, daily, for 21 days	Only Reiki
BOWDEN et al., 2011⁽³⁷37 Bowden D, Goddard L, Gruzelier J. A Randomised controlled single-blind trial of the efficacy of Reiki at benefitting mood and well-being. Evidence-Based Complement Alt Med [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2019 Oct 20];2011:1-8. Available from: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2011/381862/ http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/201... ⁾ the United Kingdom BVS	Clinical trial Level II	University students	Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) and Hospital Anxiety and Stress Scale (HADS)	Participants with strong anxiety and/or depression, who received Reiki showed a progressive improvement in general mood.	Six 30-minute sessions during a period from two to eight weeks	Only Reiki
BOWDEN et al., 2010⁽³⁸38 Bowden D, Goddard L, Gruzelier J. A randomised controlled single-blind trial of the effects of Reiki and positive imagery on well-being and salivary cortisol. Brain Res Bull. 2010;81(1):66-72. https://doi.org10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.10.002 https://doi.org10.1016/j.brainresbull.20... ⁾ the United Kingdom BVS	Clinical trial Level II	University students	Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS)	The higher the score of pre-intervention stress, the higher the reduction throughout the intervention	Ten 20-minute sessions, during a period from 2 weeks and a half to 12 weeks	Only Reiki
RICHESON et al., 2010⁽³⁹39 Richeson NE, Spross JA, Lutz K, Peng C. Effects of Reiki on anxiety, depression, pain, and physiological factors in community-dwelling older adults. Res Gerontol Nurs [Internet]. 2010[cited 2020 Jan 20];3(3):187-99. Available from: http://www.slackinc.com/doi/resolver.asp?doi=10.3928/19404921-20100601-01 http://www.slackinc.com/doi/resolver.asp... ⁾ the United StatesWeb of Science	Clinical trial Level II	Elders living in the community with medical diagnosis of pain, depression, or anxiety	Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)	The scores GDS-15 and HAM-A in the experimental group had significant reductions in depression and anxiety, when compared to the control-group	45-minute Reiki sessions, once a week, for eight weeks	Only Reiki
VITALE et al., 2006⁽³³33 Vitale AT, O'Connor PC. The effect of Reiki on pain and anxiety in women with abdominal hysterectomies: a quasi-experimental pilot study. Holist Nurs Pract [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2020 Jan 28];20(6):263-72;quiz 273-4. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17099413 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17099... ⁾ the United States BVS	Quasi-Experimental Study Level III	Adult women with scheduled abdominal hysterectomies	State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)	At the moment of discharge, the experimental group presented a lower mean in the anxiety score than the control group	A 30-minute Reiki session: in the same day surgery was scheduled and 24 and 48 hours after it	Only Reiki
SHORE et al., 2004⁽⁴⁰40 Shore AG. Long-term effects of energetic healing on symptoms of psychological depression and self-perceived stress. Alt Ther Health Med [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2019 Oct 20];10(3):42-8. Available from: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-15154152 https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/reso... ⁾ the United States BVS	Clinical trial Level II	Adults with symptoms of stress and depression	Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)	Participants who received Reiki showed lower scores in depression and stress scales, after the treatment and also one year later	Reiki sessions lasting for one hour and a half, once a week, for six weeks	Only Reiki

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[1] Corresponding author: Cândida Maria Rodrigues dos Santos. E-mail: candidaenf@yahoo.com.br