Prevalence of medication therapy adherence in the elderly and related factors

Gautério-Abreu, Daiane Porto; Santos, Silvana Sidney Costa; Silva, Bárbara Tarouco da; Gomes, Giovana Calcagno; Cruz, Vânia Dias; Tier, Cenir Gonçalves

doi:10.1590/0034-7167.2016690217i

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Research • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 69 (2) • Mar-Apr 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167.2016690217i copy

Prevalence of medication therapy adherence in the elderly and related factors

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to determine the prevalence of adherence to medication therapy in elderly outpatients; to verify whether there is an association between medication therapy adherence and demographic and socioeconomic factors, health conditions.

Method:

a quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study, performed in outpatient clinics of a university hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Three data collection instruments were answered by a convenience sample of 107 elders. A descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was conducted.

Results:

the prevalence of adherence was 86.9%. A statistically significant association was identified between the adherence variable and receiving medical guidelines on how to take medications, and having adverse reactions. Conclusion: Nurses must know the prevalence of medication adherence and related factors in order to plan interventions that promote therapeutic success.

Conclusion:

Nurses must know the prevalence of medication adherence and related factors in order to plan interventions that promote therapeutic success.

Key words:
Elderly; Medication Adherence; Prevalence; Ambulatory Care; Nursing

Demographic and socioeconomic factors		Adherence		p value
		Yes	No
		n (%)	n (%)
Sex
	Female	64 (86.5)	10 (13.5)	1.000^* * Fisher’s exact test;
	Male	29 (87.9)	4 (12.1)
Skin color
	White	83 (86.5)	13 (13.5)	1.000^* * Fisher’s exact test;
	Non-white (black and mixed race)	10 (90.9)	1 (9.1)
Marital status
	With partner	55 (85.9)	9 (14.1)	0.714^** Notes:
	Without partner	38 (88.4)	5 (11.6)
Living situation
	Lives with companion	76 (86.4)	12 (13.6)	1.000^* * Fisher’s exact test;
	Lives alone	17 (89.5)	2 (10.5)
Occupation
	Does not have paid employment (retirees, housewife, pensioners)	78 (85.7)	13 (14.3)	0.689^* * Fisher’s exact test;
	Has paid employment	15 (93.8)	1 (6.2)
Income^* ***** Minimum wage at the time of data collection = R $ 672.00.
	Up to 3 times the minimum wage	78 (84.8)	14 (15.2)	0.596^* * Fisher’s exact test;
	More than 3 times the minimum wage	8 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Can afford to buy the medication
	Yes	79 (88.8)	10 (11.2)	0.248^* * Fisher’s exact test;
	No	14 (77.8)	4 (22.2)
Has family support or hired care, if necessary
	Yes	80 (88.9)	10 (11.1)	0.231^* * Fisher’s exact test;
	No	13 (76.5)	4 (23.5)

Variables		Adherence		p value	Median	p value
Variables		Yes n (%)	No n (%)		Measure of Treatment Adherence
Arterial Hypertension
	Yes	72 (84.7)	13 (15.3)	0.292^* * Fisher’s exact test;	5.42	0.300^* ***** Mann-Whitney test.
	No	21 (95.5)	1 (4.5)		5.49
Diabetes Mellitus
	Yes	52 (85.2)	9 (14.8)	0.555^ Chi-square test;	5.42	0.466^* ***** Mann-Whitney test.
	No	41 (89.1)	5 (10.9)		5.42
Pulmonary disease
	Yes	11 (84.6)	2 (15.4)	0.678^* * Fisher’s exact test;	5.42	0.878^* ***** Mann-Whitney test.
	No	82 (87.2)	12 (12.8)		5.42
Heart disease
	Yes	38 (80.9)	9 (19.1)	0.100^ Chi-square test;	5.42	0.702^* ***** Mann-Whitney test.
	No	55 (91.7)	5 (8.3)		5.42
Osteoporosis
	Yes	30 (81.1)	7 (18.9)	0.233^* * Fisher’s exact test;	5.28	0.009^* ***** Mann-Whitney test.
	No	63 (90.0)	7 (10.0)		5.49
Arthritis / rheumatism
	Yes	19 (86.4)	3 (13.6)	1.000^* * Fisher’s exact test;	5.42	0.519^* ***** Mann-Whitney test.
	No	74 (87.1)	11 (12.9)		5.42
Dyslipidemia
	Yes	23 (76.7)	7 (23.3)	0.061^* * Fisher’s exact test;	5.28	0.054^* ***** Mann-Whitney test.
	No	70 (90.9)	7 (9.1)		5.42
Thyroid Problems
	Yes	13 (92.9)	1 (7.1)	0.688^* * Fisher’s exact test;	5.42	0.944^* ***** Mann-Whitney test.
	No	80 (86.0)	13 (14.0)		5.42
Depression
	Yes	9 (81.8)	2 (18.2)	0.635^* * Fisher’s exact test;	5.28	0.047^* ***** Mann-Whitney test.
	No	84 (87.5)	12 (12.5)		5.42
Mini-Mental State Examination
	Normal	81 (87.1)	12 (12.9)	1.000^* * Fisher’s exact test;	5.43	0.518^* ***** Mann-Whitney test.
	Suggestive of deficit	12 (85.7)	2 (16.7)		5.33

Factors related to adherence		Adherence		p value
Factors related to adherence		Yes n (%)	No n (%)	p value
Supplementary coverage
	Yes	23(88.5)	3(11.5)	1.000^* * Fisher’s exact test;
	No	70(86.4)	11(13.6)
Access to health services when needed
	Yes	70(76.9)	10(71.4)	0.737^* * Fisher’s exact test;
	No	21(84.0)	4(16.0)
Access to all medications free of charge
	Yes	44(88.0)	6(12.0)	0.755^ Chi-square test;
	No	49(86.0)	8(14.0)
Received physician´s guidance about medica-tions
	Yes	90(89.1)	11(10.9)	0.029^* * Fisher’s exact test;
	No	3(50.0)	3(50.0)
Received nurse´s guidance about medications
	Yes	22(88.0)	3(12.0)	1.000^* * Fisher’s exact test;
	No	71(86.6)	11(13.4)
Satisfied with the health care received
	Yes	81(86.2)	13(13.8)	1.000^* * Fisher’s exact test;
	No	12(92.3)	1(7.7)
Had adverse reactions
	Yes	32(78.0)	9(22.0)	0.035^ Chi-square test;
	No	60(92.3)	5(7.7)
Considers their treatment complicated
	Yes	14(73.7)	5(26.3)	0.125^* * Fisher’s exact test;
	No	79(89.8)	9(10.2)
Understand the information on the labels and package inserts of medications in use
	Yes	52 (91.2)	5(8.8)	0.058^* * Fisher’s exact test;
	No	31 (77.5)	9(22.5)

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Daiane Porto Gauterio-Abreu. E-mail: daianeporto@bol.com.br