Gait speed and malnutrition in hospitalized patients and the quality of life of their caregivers

Suganuma, Juliana Yukari; Costa, Talita Yoshimura da; Silva, Wanderson Roberto da; Spexoto, Maria Claudia Bernardes

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0137-2019-0776

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. bras. enferm. 73 (Suppl 5) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0137-2019-0776 copy

Gait speed and malnutrition in hospitalized patients and the quality of life of their caregivers

Velocidad de la marcha y desnutrición en pacientes hospitalizados y calidad de vida de sus cuidadores

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To verify the age, nutritional status, and gait speed in hospitalized individuals, and their association with the quality of life of their caregivers.

Methods:

Observational cross-sectional study with 54 patients and their respective caretakers in a university hospital in the Brazilian Midwest. The analyses were carried out using the SPSS software, with p < 0.05.

Results:

The Social Relations domain had the highest mean score (71.45±18.64). The lowest score was in the Physical domain (57.80±12.01). According to a subjective nutritional evaluation, 72.2% presented some degree of malnutrition. Most were classified with low gait speeds (82%). There was a significant correlation between age and the Physical and General Quality of Life domains. The Environment domain was significantly correlated to the gait speed.

Conclusion:

The age and the gait speed of the patient were related to the quality of life of the caregiver, but the nutritional state was not affected.

Descriptors:
Caregivers; Quality of Life; Malnutrition; Nutritional Status; Frailty

Variable	Total n (%)
Caregiver
	54 (100.0)
Sex
Male	11 (20.4)
Female	43 (79.6)
Marital Status
Married	31 (57.4)
Single	13 (24.1)
Widow/widower	2 (3.7)
Separated/divorced	8 (14.8)
Employment status
No	22 (42.3)
Yes	30 (57.7)
Social class
A	-
B	15 (27.8)
C	33 (61.1)
D and E	6 (11.1)
Patient
	54 (100.0)
Sex
Male	26 (48.1)
Female	28 (51.9)
Stage of life
Adult (< 60 years old)	12 (22.2)
Elder (≥ 60 years old)	42 (77.8)
Marital Status
Married	35 (64.8)
Single	4 (7.4)
Widow/widower	11 (20.4)
Separated/divorced	4 (7.4)
Employment status
No	40 (74.1)
Yes	14 (25.9)
Social class^* * Mean household income: A = R$ 25,554.33; B = R$ 5,641.64 a 11,279.14; C = R$ 1,748.59 a 3,085.48; D and E = R$ 719.81
A	-
B	6 (11.1)
C	40 (74.1)
D and E	8 (14.8)
Chronic diseases
None	10 (18.5)
1 to 3	42 (77.8)
4 or more	2 (3.7)
Wards
Surgical	30 (55.6)
Clinical	24 (44.4)
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Low weight	7 (13.0)
Adequate	26 (48.1)
Excess Weight	21 (38.9)
PG-SGA score
0-1	4 (7.4)
2-3	4 (7.4)
4-8	20 (37.0)
≥ 9	26 (48.1)
PG-SGA classification
Well nourished (A)	15 (27.8)
Moderately malnourished (B)	29 (53.7)
Severely malnourished (C)	10 (18.5)

Questions	1		2		3		4		5
Questions	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
1 General quality of life self-perception	-	-	-	-	16	30.8	28	53.8	8	15.4
2 Health self-evaluation	1	1.9	5	9.4	12	22.6	27	50.9	8	15.1
3 Pain (physical)	3	5.6	9	16.7	9	16.7	13	24.1	20	37.0
4 Medical treatment	3	5.7	13	24.5	9	17.0	6	11.3	22	41.5
5 Positive feelings	3	5.6	11	20.4	16	29.6	19	35.2	5	9.3
6 Spirituality	-	-	3	5.7	7	13.2	28	52.8	15	28.3
7 Concentration	1	1.9	4	7.4	21	38.9	23	42.6	5	9.3
8 Safety	2	3.7	3	5.6	10	18.5	34	63.0	5	9.3
9 How healthythe physical environment is	6	11.3	1	1.9	13	24.5	25	47.2	8	15.1
10 Energy	1	1.9	6	11.1	18	33.3	17	31.5	12	22.2
11 Body image	2	3.8	4	7.5	12	22.6	11	20.8	24	45.3
12 Finances	3	5.6	12	22.2	30	55.6	5	9.3	4	7.4
13 Information	4	7.5	3	5.7	19	35.8	21	39.6	6	11.3
14 Leisure	9	16.7	16	29.6	12	22.2	12	22.2	5	9.3
15 Mobility	1	2.0	3	5.9	6	11.8	13	25.5	28	54.9
16 Sleep	1	1.9	8	14.8	16	29.6	17	31.5	12	22.2
17 Daily Life Activities	3	5.6	5	9.3	14	25.9	25	46.3	7	13.0
18 Work activities	5	9.3	3	5.6	11	20.4	26	48.1	9	16.7
19 Self-esteem	2	3.7	1	1.9	15	27.8	25	46.3	11	20.4
20 Relationships	-	-	2	3.7	12	22.2	23	42.6	17	31.5
21 Sexual activity	9	16.7	2	3.7	8	14.8	28	51.9	7	13.0
22 Social support	-	-	3	5.6	4	7.4	29	53.7	18	33.3
23 Place of residence	-	-	4	7.5	8	15.1	26	49.1	15	28.3
24 Access to health services	2	3.7	2	3.7	14	25.9	25	46.3	11	20.4
25 Means of transportation	-	-	4	7.4	5	9.3	29	53.7	16	29.6
26 Negative feelings	5	9.3	5	9.3	9	16.7	24	44.4	11	20.4

Domains	Mean ± Standard Deviation*
Physical	57.80±12.01^a
Psychological	62.03±13.43^a
Social relations	71.45±18.64^b
Environment	62.73±13.81^a
General QoL	68.51 ±17.46

Variables	Physical domain		Psychological domain		Social Relations domain		Environment domain		General QoL domain
Variables	ρ	p	ρ	p	ρ	p	ρ	p	ρ	p
Age (years)	-0.412^* * p< 0.05; BMI: Body Mass Index; PG-SGA: Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment; GS: gait speed.	0.002	-0.120	0.386	-0.187	0.175	-0.112	0.421	-0.296^* * p< 0.05; BMI: Body Mass Index; PG-SGA: Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment; GS: gait speed.	0.030
BMI (kg/m²)	0.031	0.826	0.015	0.914	-0.010	0.945	0.111	0.422	0.056	0.686
PG-SGA score	-0.259	0.059	0.136	0.326	-0.122	0.381	-0.120	0.388	-0.124	0.370
GS (seconds)	-0.134	0.353	0.051	0.723	-0.061	0.674	-0.312^* * p< 0.05; BMI: Body Mass Index; PG-SGA: Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment; GS: gait speed.	0.027	-0.175	0.224

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[1] Corresponding author: Maria Claudia Bernardes Spexoto. E-mail: mariaspexoto@ufgd.edu.br