Factores de riesgo para la variabilidad glicêmica constante en mujeres embarazadas: un estudio de caso-control

Barros, Grasiela Martins; Figueiredo, Lyvia da Silva; Souza, Priscilla Alfradique de; Souza, Beatriz Paiva e Silva de; Ferreira, Helen Campos; Cavalcanti, Ana Carla Dantas

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 73 (suppl 5) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0983 copiar

Factores de riesgo para la variabilidad glicêmica constante en mujeres embarazadas: un estudio de caso-control

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con el embarazo que influyen en la variabilidad glucémica constante.

Método:

estudio de casos y controles con muestreo aleatorio. Los registros médicos de 417 mujeres embarazadas se dividieron en: grupo de casos (200 mujeres embarazadas con variabilidad glucémica constante) y grupo de control (217 gestantes sin variabilidad glucémica constante). Los datos se recopilaron de 2009 a 2015.

Resultados:

mujeres embarazadas de 25 años o más, antecedentes familiares de Diabetes Mellitus, hipertensión arterial sistémica, sobrepeso u obesidad, sedentarismo y síndrome de ovario poliquístico son más propensos a presentar cambios en la glucemia.

Conclusión:

el estudio demostró que los factores de riesgo asociados con el embarazo aumentan el riesgo de variabilidad glucémica constante. Los hallazgos permitirán reevaluar las intervenciones durante el embarazo, proporcionando un aumento en la calidad de la atención de enfermería.

Descriptores:
Diagnóstico de Enfermería; Diabetes Gestacional; Mujeres Embarazadas; Glucemia; Factores de Riesgo

Variables	Case n(%) n=(200)	Control n(%) n=(217)	p value
Age	30 (25-36^† † Interquartile range 25-75; )	27(21-33^† † Interquartile range 25-75; )	< 0.001
Educational Background^§ § The quantitative data of the total sample was not obtained in the investigation of this item. ^¶ ¶ N of the investigated item.			0.901
Complete Elementary School	52(26.5)	51(23.7)
Incomplete Elementary School	12(6.1)	10(4.7)
Complete High School	55(28.1)	66(30.7)
Incomplete High School	44(22.4)	55(25.6)
Complete Higher Education	16(8.2)	17(7.9)
Incomplete Higher Education	17(8.7)	16(7.4)
Total	196 (100)	215 (100)
Marital Status^¶ ¶ N of the investigated item.			0.129
Married/Civil union	142(71.0)	132(60.8)
Single	55(27.5)	82(37.8)
Widower	2(1.0)	1(0.5)
Separated/Divorced	1(0.5)	2(0.9)
Total	200 (100)	217 (100)

Variables	Cases/Group length	Incidence of gestational diabetes %/ Total Analyzed	□² p value	OR	CI of OR
Age^§ § Data of the total sample was not obtained in the investigation of this item; ^¶ ¶ N of the investigated item.
< 25 years old	44/129	34.1% / 129	<0.001	2.3	1.5~3.5
≥ 25 years old	156/287	54.4% / 287	<0.001	2.3	1.5~3.5
Family History
First-grade^§ § Data of the total sample was not obtained in the investigation of this item; ^¶ ¶ N of the investigated item.
No	125/302	41.4% / 302	< 0.001	2.5	1.60~3.81
Yes	71/111	64.0% / 111	< 0.001	2.5	1.60~3.81
Family History
Second-degree onwards^§ § Data of the total sample was not obtained in the investigation of this item; ^¶ ¶ N of the investigated item.
No	116/266	43.6% / 266	0.035	1.5	1.03~1.32
Yes	80/147	54.4% / 147	0.035	1.5	1.03~1.32
SH^¶ ¶ N of the investigated item.
No	162/364	44.5% / 364	< 0.001	3.2	1.68~5.95
Yes	38/53	71.7% / 53	< 0.001	3.2	1.68~5.95
PCOS^§ § Data of the total sample was not obtained in the investigation of this item; ^¶ ¶ N of the investigated item.
No	186/398	46.7% / 398	0.034	3.0	1.04~8.45
Yes	13/18	72.2% / 18	0.034	3.0	1.04~8.45
Sedentarism^§ § Data of the total sample was not obtained in the investigation of this item; ^¶ ¶ N of the investigated item.
No	8/17	43.1% / 17	0.005	4.7	1.5~14.4
Yes	54/67	80.6% / 67	0.005	4.7	1.5~14.4
Pre-Gestational Obesity^§ § Data of the total sample was not obtained in the investigation of this item; ^¶ ¶ N of the investigated item.
No	125/267	46.8% / 267	0.001	2.3	1.4~3.7
Yes	62/93	66.7% / 93	0.001	2.3	1.4~3.7
Height^§ § Data of the total sample was not obtained in the investigation of this item; ^¶ ¶ N of the investigated item.
< 150 cm	8/16	50.0% / 16	0.875	0.92	0.34~2.5
≥ 150 cm	191/398	48.0% / 398	0.875	0.92	0.34~2.5
Hyperglicemic drug use^§ § Data of the total sample was not obtained in the investigation of this item; ^¶ ¶ N of the investigated item.
No	178/378	47.1% / 378	0.101	1.81	0.35~1.43
Yes	21/34	61.8% / 34	0.101	1.81	0.35~1.43

Classification	Case n(%) (n=200)	CI of %	Control n(%) (n=217)	CI of %	p value
Pre-Gestational BMI^§ § Quantitative data of the total sample was not obtained in the investigation of this item; ^¶ ¶ N of the investigated item.					<0.001
Regular Weight	54(28.9%)	28.46~29.34	102(59%)	58.55~59.44
Overweight	71(38.0%)	37.52~38.47	40 (23.1%)	22.72~23.48
Obesity	62(33.1%)	32.74~33.66	31 (17.9%)	17.65~18.25
Total	187 (100%)		173 (100%)
Gestational BMI^§ § Quantitative data of the total sample was not obtained in the investigation of this item; ^¶ ¶ N of the investigated item.					<0.001
Regular Weight	36(18.1%)	17.72~18.48	104 (48.4%)	47.94~48.86
Overweight	79(39.7%)	39.22~40.18	66 (30.7%)	30.28~31.12
Obesity	84(42.2%)	41.71~42.69	45 (20.9%)	20.53~21.27
Total	199 (100%)		215 (100%)
Gestational weight gain (g)^† † Average; CI - Confidence Interval; BMI - Body Mass Index;	7.650		10.200		<0.001

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[1] Corresponding author: Grasiela Martins Barros E-mail: grasi2908@gmail.com