Factors associated with health dissatisfaction of elementary school teachers

Cross-sectional study conducted among teachers from a Midwest capital, in 2017. A self-administered questionnaire composed of a collection of validated instruments and additional questions was used. Poisson Regression was performed, considering significance p <0.05.

Results:

sample composed of 326 teachers, with an average age of 43 years, 87.1% female. Concerning health conditions, 19.5% were dissatisfied and 31.5% were indifferent. In a simultaneous analysis of the factors of interest, a statistically significant association was found among teacher’s health dissatisfaction and the presence of symptoms of common mental disorders (PRa= 2.28), musculoskeletal symptoms in the last 12 months (PRa= 1.71), voice disorders (PRa= 1.29), never/rarely waking up rested (PRa= 1.45), never/rarely engage in physical activity/sports (PRa= 1.57), among other factors.

Conclusion:

never/rarely waking up rested and engaging in physical activity/sports, the presence of common mental disorders, musculoskeletal symptoms and voice disorders were associated with health dissatisfaction.

Descriptors:
Prevalence; Occupational Health; School Teachers; Quality of Life; Health

Variable	n	%
How satisfied are you with your health?
1- Very dissatisfied	8	2.47
2- Dissatisfied	55	16.98
3- Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied	102	31.48
4- Satisfied	134	41.36
5- Very satisfied	25	7.72
Sociodemographic
Gender
Female	283	87.12
Male	42	12.88
Age group
21-29 years	27	8.28
30-39 years	83	25.46
40-49 years	137	42.02
50-69 years	79	24.23
Marital status
With spouse (married or union)	200	62.70
Without spouse (single, divorced, widowed)	119	37.30
Health conditions
Time in the profession
≤ 9 years	125	38.94
10-19 years	94	29.28
≥ 20 years	102	31.78
Number of schools you work
One school	191	58.95
Two or more schools	133	41.05
Weekly hours with students
≤20 hours	134	42.14
21-40 hours	144	45.28
≥40 hours	40	12.58
Employment Bond
Continuing contract	148	45.40
Temporary contract	178	54.60
Health conditions
Common mental disorder
Present	97	29.75
Absent	229	70.25
Musculoskeletal symptoms (12 months)
Yes	248	76.07
No	78	23.93
Voice disorders
Present	173	53.07
Absent	153	46.93

Variables	Health Satisfaction
Variables	Dissatisfied	Satisfied	Gross RP	IC(95%)	p
Sociodemographic
Time commuting from home to work
≥31min.	33	22	1.38	1.04- 1.82	0.034
16-30 min.	60	44	1.33	1.04- 1.69	0.024
≤15 min.	70	91	1
Functional Situation
Time as a teacher
≥ 20 years	52	48	1.18	0.89- 1.55	0.232
10-19 years	57	37	1.38	1.07- 1.78	0.015
≤ 9 years	55	70	1
Time to carry out activities at school
Never/rarely	26	10	1.50	1.18- 1.90	0.007
Sometimes/always	135	145	1
Work interferes on health
Sometimes/always	133	102	1.66	1.20- 2.28	<0.001
Never/rarely	28	54	1
Violence against teachers and staff
Sometimes/always	72	41	1.46	1.19- 1.80	0.001
Never/rarely	88	114	1
Violence outside school
Sometimes/always	76	54	1.28	1.03- 1.58	0.026
Never/rarely	85	101	1
Life Habits
Leisure activities
Never/rarely	60	34	1.38	1.12-1.71	0.004
Sometimes/always	101	118	1
Physical activity/sports
Never/rarely	106	55	1.78	1.41-2.25	<0.001
Sometimes/always	57	97	1
Eating at regular times
Never/rarely	38	16	1.48	1.19-1.83	0.002
Sometimes/always	126	139	1
Sleep Aspect
Wake up at night
Sometimes/always	130	105	1.35	1.02-1.79	0.024
Never/rarely	34	49	1
Wake up rested
Never/rarely	68	18	1.92	1.58-2.32	<0.001
Sometimes/always	92	131	1
Sleeping Hours
≤6 horas	94	63	1.47	1.17-1.85	0.001
≥7 horas	62	90	1
Health Conditions
Common Mental Disorders
Present	73	23	1.88	1.55-2.29	<0.001
Absent	92	136	1
Voice disorders
Present	108	64	1.67	1.32-2.12	<0.001
Absent	57	95	1
Musculoskeletal symptoms in the past 12 months
Yes	141	105	1.86	1.31-2.64	<0.001
No	24	54	1

Variables	Health dissatisfaction
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4^* * adjusted by the interaction variable between CMD and musculoskeletal disorders in the last 12 months, (RPadjusted =0,51; p<0,006).
	RP_adjusted (IC95%)	p value	RP_adjusted (IC95%)	p value	RP_adjusted (IC95%)	p value	RP_adjusted (IC95%)	p value
Common mental disorders	1.42 (1.16-1.74)	<0.001	-	-	-	-	2.28 (1.43-3.64)	0.001
Musculoskeletal symptoms in the last 12 months	-	-	1.60 (1.16-2.22)	0.004	-	-	1.71 (1.15-2.53)	0.008
Voice disorders	-	-	-	-	1.34 (1.07-1.68)	0.010	1.29 (1.01-1.63)	0.037
Sleep: Wake up rested Never/rarely	1.45 (1.18-1.78)	<0.001	1.57 (1.28-1.92)	<0.001	1.62 (1.33-1.96)	<0.001	1.45 (1.18-1.78)	<0.001
Physical activity or sports Never/rarely	1.58 (1.23-2.01)	<0.001	1.64 (1.29-2.08)	<0.001	1.63 (1.29-2.07)	<0.001	1.57 (1.25-1.98)	<0.001
Time to carry out activities at school Never/rarely	1.30 (1.03-1.63)	0.024	1.29 (1.04-1.62)	0.023	1.33 (1.07-1.66)	0.011	-	-
Violence against teachers and staff Sometimes/always	1.28 (1.05-1.56)	0.014	1.29 (1.06 -1.58)	0.010	-	-	-	-
Intense physical effort at work Sometimes/always	-	-	-	-	1.28 (1.06-1.56)	0.012	-	-
Time in the profession
≥ 20 years	-	-	-	-	1.24 (0.965-1.59)	0.093	-	-
10-19 years	-	-	-	-	1.29 (1.01-1.64)	0.040	-	-
≤ 9 years	-	-	-	-	1.00	-	-	-

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[1] Corresponding author: Ediálida Costa Santos. E-mail: enf.edialida@gmail.com