Pilger, Calíope; Santos, Renata Ohana Pereira dos; Lentsck, Maicon Henrique; Marques, Sueli; Kusumota, Luciana

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0006

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RESEARCH • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 70 (4) • Jul-Aug 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0006 copiar

Bienestar espiritual y calidad de vida de ancianos en tratamiento de hemodiálisis

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

Analizar relación entre bienestar espiritual, variables sociodemográficas, económicas, religiosas y de salud con la calidad de vida de ancianos en tratamiento de hemodiálisis.

Método:

Estudio trasversal, correlacional, realizado con 169 ancianos en tratamiento de hemodiálisis. Fueron efectuadas entrevistas para caracterización sociodemográfica, económica, religiosa y de salud, además de aplicación de la Escala de Bienestar Espiritual (EBE) y de Calidad de Vida (QV) (WHOQOL-bref y WHOQOL-Old).

Resultados:

La mayoría de los ancianos tenía bienestar espiritual total (EBE) moderado. Respecto a la QV, los dominios psicológico (66,8; SD=13,9) y relaciones sociales (66,8; SD=15,1) presentaron los mayores puntajes medios. La correlación de los dominios del WHOQOL-bref con los puntajes de la escala de EBE fue positiva, con significatividad estadística en todos los dominios y las subescalas, excepto en el dominio medioambiente.

Conclusión:

La QV de los ancianos está relacionada, tanto positiva como negativamente, con el constructo EBE.

Descriptores:
Diálisis Renal; Espiritualidad; Calidad de Vida; Religión; Anciano

Variables	Male		Female		Total
Variables	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age group
60-69 years	68	40.2	22	13.0	90	53.3
70-79 years	46	27.2	14	8.3	60	35.5
Skin color
White	80	47.3	28	16.6	108	63.9
Black	23	13.6	12	7.1	35	20.7
Brown	13	7.7	4	2.4	17	10.1
Yellow	8	4.7	-	-	8	4.7
Undeclared	1	0.6	-	-	1	0.6
Marital status
Married/live together	91	53.8	19	11.3	110	65.1
Widower	15	8.9	20	11.8	35	20.7
Divorced/Separated	13	7.7	3	1.8	16	9.5
Single	6	3.5	2	1.1	8	4.7
Years of formal schooling
None	10	6.0	4	2.4	14	8.3
1 to 4	63	37.3	24	14.2	87	51.5
5 to 9	18	10.6	11	6.5	29	17.2
10 or more	34	20.1	5	3.0	39	23.0
Has an income
Yes	124	73.4	40	23.7	164	97.0
No	1	0.6	4	2.7	5	3.0
Religion/Doctrine
Catholic	80	47.3	24	14.2	104	61.5
Evangelical	22	13.0	13	7.7	35	20.7
Spiritist	10	5.9	5	3.0	15	8.9
Buddhist	1	0.6	-	-	1	0.6
Other	4	2.3	-	-	4	2.3
No religion	8	4.7	1	0.6	9	5.3
Considers themselves religious
No	31	18.3	1	0.6	32	19.0
Yes	93	55.0	43	25.4	136	81.0
Other	1	0.6	-	-	1	0.6

Variables	Minimum	Median	Mean	Standard Deviation
WHOQOL-BREF domains
Physical	14.3	57.1	55.5	16.5
Psychological	25.0	66.7	66.8	13.9
Social relationships	25.0	66.7	66.8	15.1
Environmental	25.0	65.3	63.4	10.7
Overall quality of life	25.0	62.5	64.0	15.8
WHOQOL-OLD facets
Sensory abilities	6.25	68.7	65.7	22.7
Autonomy	6.25	62.5	62.7	13.5
Past, present and future activities	6.25	68.7	66.7	13.7
Social participation	18.7	62.5	59.6	15.6
Death and dying	-	75.0	69.4	25.0
Intimacy	12.5	75.0	73.6	15.9
Overall quality of life	27.0	66.7	66.3	10.6

Variables	Total spiritual well-being		Religious well-being		Existential well-being
Variables	r^* * Pearson's Correlation Coefficient;	p^ Statistical significance for p<0.05 considering the hypothesis that the studied group constituted a probabilistic sample of a population with similar characteristics;	r^* * Pearson's Correlation Coefficient;	p^ Statistical significance for p<0.05 considering the hypothesis that the studied group constituted a probabilistic sample of a population with similar characteristics;	r^* * Pearson's Correlation Coefficient;	p^ Statistical significance for p<0.05 considering the hypothesis that the studied group constituted a probabilistic sample of a population with similar characteristics;
Age	-0.05	0.523	-0.01	0.866	-0.07	0.331
Years of formal schooling	0.04	0.606	-0.05	0.477	0.12	0.103
Income	-0.04	0.536	-0.14	0.069	0.05	0.488
Comorbidities	0.03	0.693	0.04	0.557	0.00	0.903
Number of hospital admissions	0.06	0.416	0.03	0.677	0.08	0.300
Hemodialysis^* ***** In years.	0.05	0.496	0.07	0.334	0.02	0.798

Domains	Spiritual well-being total		Religious well-being		Existential well-being
Domains	r^* * Pearson's Correlation Coefficient;	p^ Statistical significance for p<0.05 considering the hypothesis that the studied group constituted a probabilistic sample of a population with similar characteristics.	r^* * Pearson's Correlation Coefficient;	p^ Statistical significance for p<0.05 considering the hypothesis that the studied group constituted a probabilistic sample of a population with similar characteristics.	r^* * Pearson's Correlation Coefficient;	p^ Statistical significance for p<0.05 considering the hypothesis that the studied group constituted a probabilistic sample of a population with similar characteristics.
WHOQOL-bref
Physical	0.25	0.001	0.16	0.036	0.28	<0.001
Psychological	0.54	<0.001	0.38	<0.001	0.59	<0.001
Social relationships	0.34	<0.001	0.25	<0.001	0.35	<0.001
Environmental	0.29	<0.001	0.11	0.152	0.41	<0.001
WHOQOL-old
Sensory abilities	0.02	0.708	-0.06	0.443	0.11	0.152
Autonomy	0.31	<0.001	0.16	0.034	0.39	<0.001
Past, present and future activities	0.38	<0.001	0.21	0.006	0.47	<0.001
Social participation	0.28	<0.001	0.14	0.057	0.36	<0.001
Death and dying	0.11	0.149	0.05	0.496	0.14	0.058
Intimacy	0.41	<0.001	0.26	<0.001	0.46	<0.001
Overall quality of life	0.37	<0.001	0.18	0.018	0.49	<0.001

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Caliope Pilger. Email: caliopepilger@hotmail.com