Relationship between the comfort level of chronic renal patients and sociodemographic and clinical variables

Santos, Regilane Cordeiro dos; Melo, Geórgia Alcântara Alencar; Silva, Renan Alves; Silva, Fabiana Larissa Barbosa da; Viana Júnior, Antonio Brazil; Caetano, Joselany Áfio

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0085

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 73 (suppl 5) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0085 copy

Relationship between the comfort level of chronic renal patients and sociodemographic and clinical variables

Relación del confort de los pacientes renales crónicos con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To assess the association between the comfort level of chronic hemodialysis patients with sociodemographic and clinical variables using the General Comfort Questionnaire.

Method:

Cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, considering 180 chronic hemodialysis renal patients. Two instruments were used: one for sociodemographic and clinical variables; and the General Comfort Questionnaire, Brazilian version. Mann-Whitney’s, Kruskal-Wallis’s, and Spearman’s tests were used for data analysis.

Results:

The overall comfort level of patients was 78.16%. The socio-cultural domain presented the lowest level of comfort and the psychospiritual the highest level. Some variables were significantly associated with the domains, such as marital status, education, and considering oneself to be anxious.

Conclusion:

In the four domains of comfort, it was possible to identify patients’ needs, such as the presence and intensity of pain, anxiety, constipation and type of access, making it possible to guide nurses in the systematization of care and improve the comfort of these patients.

Descriptors:
Renal Insufficiency; Renal Dialysis; Patient Comfort; Health Evaluation; Nursing

Domains	Mean	Standard Deviation	Median	Minimum	P25 %	P75 %	Maximum
Physical	30.88	5.04	32.00	17.00	27.00	35.00	40.00
Sociocultural	30.24	5.19	31.00	18.00	26.00	34.00	42.00
Environment	31.13	5.00	32.00	14.00	28.00	35.00	40.00
Psychospiritual	55.51	6.48	56.00	34.00	52.00	61.00	67.00
General comfort	147.73	21.71	151	83	133	165	189

Variables	Mean ± SD	p < 0.05
Do you feel pain at the moment?		0.034¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Yes	143.95 ± 17.01
No	149.66 ± 16.63
How severe is the pain?		0.045² 2 Kruskal-Wallis's test.
Light	147.71 ± 18.38
Moderate	146.14 ± 14.03
Intense	140.06 ± 14.45
Unbearable	117.00 ± 39.60
Has there been a change in the sleep pattern caused by pain?		0.003¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Yes	137.93 ± 17.71
No	149.14 ± 14.19
Do you have diaphoresis?		0.131¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Yes	145.32 ± 15.48
No	148.74 ± 17.36
Do you consider yourself anxious?		0.011¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Yes	145.10 ± 17.41
No	151.71 ± 15.50
Do you have pruritus?		0.052¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Yes	145.52 ± 13.73
No	149.08 ± 18.31
Do you have constipation?		0.007¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Yes	144.01 ± 16.77
No	150.29 ± 16.63
Do you have diuresis?		0.098¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Yes	149.04 ± 15.99
No	143.80 ± 19.41
Type of access?		0.035¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Cateter	138.79 ± 20.21
Arteriovenous fistula	148.61 ± 16.45

	Mean ± SD	p < 0.05
Physical domain
Do you feel pain at the moment?		0.001¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Yes	28.98 ± 5.06
No	31.76 ± 4.80
How severe is the pain?		0.001² 2 Kruskal-Wallis's test.
Light	30.43 ± 4.57
Moderate	30.14 ± 5.20
Intense	26.89 ± 3.80
Unbearable	21.00 ± 4.24
Has there been a change in the sleep pattern caused by pain?		0.001¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Yes	27.43± 5.36
No	30.25 ± 4.22
Do you have diaphoresis?		0.587¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Yes	30.30 ± 5.55
No	31.08 ± 4.86
Do you consider yourself anxious?		0.154¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Yes	30.34 ± 5.21
No	31.63 ± 4.72
Do you have constipation?		0.003¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Yes	29.41 ± 5.48
No	31.81 ± 4.53
Type of access?		0.073¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Cateter	28.43 ± 5.75
Arteriovenous fistula	31.08 ± 4.94
Hemodialysis time		0.001² 2 Kruskal-Wallis's test.
> 5 years	31.32 ± 4.60
5 to 10 years	31.72 ± 4.71
> 10 Years	25.44 ± 6.14
Sociocultural domain
Has there been a change in the sleep pattern caused by pain?		0.018¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Yes	27.75 ± 4.38
No	30.39 ± 4.22
Marital status		0.011² 2 Kruskal-Wallis's test.
Married / stable union	31.17 ± 4.90
Single	28.91 ± 5.51
Widow	28.63 ± 4.84
Educational level		0.007² 2 Kruskal-Wallis's test.
≤ 8 years	29.22 ± 5.00
9 to 12 years	31.53 ± 5.08
≥ 13 years	33.57 ± 5.74
Source of income		0.019² 2 Kruskal-Wallis's test.
Without income	27.33 ± 3.52
Retired	31.05 ± 4.37
Health welfare	29.62 ± 5.58
Works	32.33 ± 5.80
Environmental domain
Individual income		0.444¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Up to 1 minimum wage	30.16 ± 5.15
> 1 minimum wage	31.06 ± 5.76
Type of access		0.033¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Cateter	27.71 ± 6.46
Arteriovenous fistula	30.45 ± 5.04
Type of transportation used to go to the clinic		0.936² 2 Kruskal-Wallis's test.
On foot	30.92 ± 4.83
By car	31.09 ± 4.45
By Motorcycle	29.33 ± 8.41
By bus	30.93 ± 5.43
Through public transportation offered by the city	31.44 ± 5.11
Do you have diaphoresis?		0.434¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Yes	30.06 ± 4.83
No	30.30 ± 5.33
Do you consider yourself anxious?		0.004¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Yes	30.29 ± 4.90
No	32.31 ± 4.92
Psychospiritual domain
Religion		0.983² 2 Kruskal-Wallis's test.
Catholic	55.53 ± 6.62
Evangelic	55.75 ± 6.29
Umbanda	56 ± 0
Educational level		0.008² 2 Kruskal-Wallis's test.
≤ 8 years	54.43 ± 6.59
9 to 12 years	57.39 ± 6.04
≥ 13 years	56.71 ± 5.50
Marital status		0.047² 2 Kruskal-Wallis's test.
Married / stable union	56.52 ± 6.06
Single	54.39 ± 6.32
Widow	53.69 ± 8.81
Do you consider yourself anxious?		0.028¹ 1 Mann-Whitney's test;
Yes	54.71 ± 6.61
No	56.85 ± 6.13

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[1] Corresponding author: Renan Alves Silva. E-mail: renan.dehon@gmail.com