Factors associated with depressive symptoms in elderly caregivers with chronic pain

Terassi, Marielli; Rossetti, Estefani Serafim; Luchesi, Bruna Moretti; Gramani-Say, Karina; Hortense, Priscilla; Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0782

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 73 (1) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0782 copy

Factors associated with depressive symptoms in elderly caregivers with chronic pain

Factores asociados con síntomas depresivos en carreras de ancianos con dolor crónico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to identify factors associated with depressive symptoms in elderly caregivers with chronic pain.

Method:

the study included people 60 years of age or older who reported chronic pain and cared for another elderly person living in the same household (n=186). Statistical analyzes were performed using the Mann-Whitney test, univariate and multiple logistic regression.

Results:

most participants had no depressive symptoms (70.4%), 24.2% had mild depressive symptoms and 5.4% had severe symptoms. Univariate analysis showed that the variables family income, number of diseases, number of medications in use, pain intensity, overload and perceived stress were associated with depressive symptoms. Multivariate analysis found an association with perceived stress (95% CI 1.101-1207) and number of medications (95% CI 1.139-1.540) in use.

Conclusion:

factors associated with depressive symptoms in elderly caregivers with chronic pain were stress and the number of medications in use.

Descriptors:
Aged; Caregiver; Chronic Pain; Depressive Symptoms; Geriatric Nursing

Variable	n (%)	Mean (±SD)
Gender
Female	150(80.6)
Male	36(19.4)
Age. years		68.9(±7.0)
60-69	117(62.9)
70-79	49(26.3)
80+	20(10.8)
Schooling
0 years	27(14.5)
1-4 years	119(64.0)
5-8 years	18(9.7)
≥ 9 years and above	22(11.8)
Family income (in reais)		2277.4 (±1439.5)
Number of diseases		6.1(±3.0)
Number of medications in use		3.6 (±2.4)
Care time. Months		128.3(±164.5)
Pain - intensity		6.4 (±2.4)
Absence	5(2.7)
Light (1-3)	15(8.0)
Mild (4-6)	73(39.2)
Intense (7-9)	71 (38.2)
Unbearable (10)	22 (11.9)
Cognition		64.6(±17.4)
Stress		20.4(±10.1)
Overload
Small	110(59.1)
	53(28.5)
Mild	19(10.2)
Mild to Severe	4(2.2)
Severe
Depressive symptoms	131(70.4)
Normal	45(24.2)
Mild depressive symptoms	10(5.4)

Variable	With depressive symptoms Mean (±SD)	Absence of depressive symptoms Mean (±SD)	p value
Age	69.8(±7.46)	68.5(±6.92)	0.295
Schooling	3.2(±3.17)	4.5(±3.77)	0.030
Family income (R$)	1778.0(±797.15)	2490.0(±1592.9)	0.004
Number of diseases	7.2(±3.44)	5.62(±2.71)	0.002
Number of medications	4.8(±2.87)	3.0(±2.07)	<0.001
Care time (meses)	109.4(±148.60)	136.8(±171.35)	0.248
Pain intensity	7.3(±2.07)	5.9(±2.47)	<0.001
Cognition	61.1(±18.21)	66.1(±16.96)	0.107
Stress	29.5(±10.73)	16.5(±6.93)	<0.001
Overload	28.6(±20.23)	16.87(±11.35)	<0.001

Variable	Univariate		Multivariate
Variable	OR	95% CI OR	OR	95% CI OR
Gender
Male (Ref.)	1.00
Female	1.55	0.66-3.66
Age (years)
60-69 (Ref.)	1.00
70-79	1.12	0.54-2.32
≥80	2.02	0.78-5.24
Schooling
≥9 years (Ref.)	1.00
5-8 years	0.58	0.10-3.38
1-4 years	1.97	0.31-6.17
0 years	3.41	0.92-12.57
Family income (to be continued)	0.60	0.43- 0.86^* * p<0.05. OR (Odds Ratio) = Odds Ratio for major depression; (n = 132 normal; n = 45 mild depressive symptom; n = 10 severe depressive symptom). CI 95% OR = 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio. Ref.: reference level. Stepwise variable selection criteria. Proportional risk models. p≤0.05.
Number of diseases (to be continued)	1.21	1.08-1.34^* * p<0.05. OR (Odds Ratio) = Odds Ratio for major depression; (n = 132 normal; n = 45 mild depressive symptom; n = 10 severe depressive symptom). CI 95% OR = 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio. Ref.: reference level. Stepwise variable selection criteria. Proportional risk models. p≤0.05.
Number of medications (to be continued)	1.33	1.17- 1.52^* * p<0.05. OR (Odds Ratio) = Odds Ratio for major depression; (n = 132 normal; n = 45 mild depressive symptom; n = 10 severe depressive symptom). CI 95% OR = 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio. Ref.: reference level. Stepwise variable selection criteria. Proportional risk models. p≤0.05.	1.324	1.139-1.540^* * p<0.05. OR (Odds Ratio) = Odds Ratio for major depression; (n = 132 normal; n = 45 mild depressive symptom; n = 10 severe depressive symptom). CI 95% OR = 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio. Ref.: reference level. Stepwise variable selection criteria. Proportional risk models. p≤0.05.
Care time (to be continued)	0.99	0.99-1.00
Pain intensity (to be continued)	1.31	1.13-1.52^* * p<0.05. OR (Odds Ratio) = Odds Ratio for major depression; (n = 132 normal; n = 45 mild depressive symptom; n = 10 severe depressive symptom). CI 95% OR = 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio. Ref.: reference level. Stepwise variable selection criteria. Proportional risk models. p≤0.05.
Cognition	0.98	0.96- 1.00
Stress	1.15	1.11 - 1.20^* * p<0.05. OR (Odds Ratio) = Odds Ratio for major depression; (n = 132 normal; n = 45 mild depressive symptom; n = 10 severe depressive symptom). CI 95% OR = 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio. Ref.: reference level. Stepwise variable selection criteria. Proportional risk models. p≤0.05.	1.155	1.106-1.207^* * p<0.05. OR (Odds Ratio) = Odds Ratio for major depression; (n = 132 normal; n = 45 mild depressive symptom; n = 10 severe depressive symptom). CI 95% OR = 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio. Ref.: reference level. Stepwise variable selection criteria. Proportional risk models. p≤0.05.
Overload
Small (Ref.)	1.00
Mild	1.92	0.91-4.01
Mild to Severe	8.62	3.15- 23.58^* * p<0.05. OR (Odds Ratio) = Odds Ratio for major depression; (n = 132 normal; n = 45 mild depressive symptom; n = 10 severe depressive symptom). CI 95% OR = 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio. Ref.: reference level. Stepwise variable selection criteria. Proportional risk models. p≤0.05.
Severe	151.38	13.32- 1000.00^* * p<0.05. OR (Odds Ratio) = Odds Ratio for major depression; (n = 132 normal; n = 45 mild depressive symptom; n = 10 severe depressive symptom). CI 95% OR = 95% confidence interval for Odds Ratio. Ref.: reference level. Stepwise variable selection criteria. Proportional risk models. p≤0.05.

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[1] Corresponding Author: Marielli Terassi. E-mail: ma_terassi@hotmail.com