Cuidados de enfermería dirigidos a pacientes quemados: una revisión de alcance

revisión de alcance, según las recomendaciones del JBI Reviewers’ Manual, con búsqueda en MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus y en el portal Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, a través de artículos publicados entre 2016 y diciembre de 2021.

Resultados:

del total de 419 artículos encontrados, nueve fueron seleccionados para el análisis. Las principales medidas de atención identificadas fueron cambio de apósitos y tipos de cobertura, control de signos vitales, técnicas no farmacológicas para el alivio del dolor y reducción de opioides.

Conclusiones:

la complejidad del cuidado de quemados exige una constante actualización por parte del equipo de enfermería. Mantenerlo preparado para llevar a cabo las mejores prácticas de atención de enfermería a los pacientes quemados promoverá la atención adecuada, la recuperación del paciente y la reducción de posibles daños.

Descriptores:
Enfermería; Quemaduras; Heridas y Lesiones; Atención de Enfermería; Revisión

Data source	Search strategy adopted
VHL	(“Nursing” OR “Enfermería” OR “Enfermagem”) AND (“Nursing Care” OR “Atención de Enfermeria” OR “Cuidados de Enfermagem”) AND (“Burns” OR “Quemaduras” OR “Queimaduras”)
CINAHL
MEDLINE
COCHRANE
Scopus	(“Burns” OR “Quemaduras” OR “Queimaduras) AND (Protocol) AND (“Nursing” OR “Enfermería” OR “Enfermagem”) AND (“Nursing Care” OR “Atención de Enfermeria” OR “Cuidados de Enfermagem”) AND (“Validation Study”)

ID	YEAR OF PUBLICATION/COUNTRY/ DATA PLATFORM	STUDY DESIGN/LoE/DEGREE OF RECOMMENDATION	OBJECTIVE	RELATED RESULTS
S1(²⁶26 Araújo MHHPO, Sousa MSC, Fernandes NMS, Basílio EEF, Menezes AB, Souza MAB, et al. Uso do ácido hialurônico e da película de biocelulose no tratamento tópico de queimadura. Rev Bras Queimaduras[Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Jan 15];16(2):135-38. Available from: http://www.rbqueimaduras.com.br/export-pdf/375/v16n2a13.pdf http://www.rbqueimaduras.com.br/export-p... )	2017/Brazil/VHL	Case study/3B/B	Report the evolution of healing in a patient with second-degree burns treated with 0.2% hyaluronic acid (HA) and biocellulose film.	Isolation of nerve endings from the skin promoted by the dressing and reduced frequency of change, minimizing the occurrence of interventions that result in pain.
S2(²⁹29 Feng JJ. See JL, Choke A, Ooi A, Chong SJ. Biobrane™ for Burns of the pubic region: minimizing dressing changes. Mil Med Res[Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 Jan 15];5(1):29. Available from: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-30144827 https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/reso... )	2018/United Kingdom/VHL	Case study/3B/B	Use biosynthetic dressing on superficial dermal burns in the pubic region.	Dressing use can play a significant role in reducing wound infection and desiccation rates.
S3(²⁷27 Guinot-Bachero J, García-Montero A, Martínez-Blanco N, Viedma-Contreras S, Gombau-Baldrich Y. La importancia del tratamiento inicial adecuado en una quemadura subdérmica en miembro inferior. Caso clínico. Gerokomos [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 Jan 15];29(2):100-4. Available from: https://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/geroko/v29n2/1134-928X-geroko-29-02-00100.pdf https://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/geroko/v29n... )	2017/Spain/VHL	Case study/4/C	Present the therapeutic approach that can help other professionals to know the importance of the initial treatment of these injuries to prevent and/or solve future complications.	Burn treatment in three stages: wound cleaning and decongestion of phlebolymphedema, tissue repair and epithelialization and remodeling.
S4(³⁰30 Souza Neto VL, Costa RTSC, Lucena EA, Silva SC, Pereira VM, Silva RAR. Implementing the nursing process for a burn patient: a case study. Rev Enferm UERJ. 2018;26:e30962. https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2018.30962 https://doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2018.309... )	2018/Brazil/VHL	Case study/4/C	Implement the NP in the context of care of a burned patient assisted in a public health institution.	The following were listed as priorities: ineffective breathing pattern, risk of infection and impaired skin integrity, and the planning and definition of goals, interventions and activities to be implemented for further assessment were carried out. The NP implementation enables the development of quality assistance, based on scientific knowledge.
S5(²⁵25 Taverner T, Prince J. Acute neuropathic pain assessment in burn injured patients: a retrospective review. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs[Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Jan 14];43(1):51-5. Available from: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-26727683 https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/reso... )	2016/USA/VHL	Descriptive study/2B/B	Measure the prevalence of acute neuropathic pain in patients with acute burns and the demographic and clinical characteristics.	Routine assessment of pain during the acute phase of injury with the aim of identifying patients who require further assessment, treatment and management.
S6(³³33 Harats M, Haik J, Cleary M, Vashurin I, Aviv U, Kornhaber R. Retrospective Review of an Off-label Bromelain-based Selective Enzymatic Debridement (Nexobrid®) in the Treatment of Deep, Partial, and Full Thickness Burns and Hard to Heal Wounds. Isr Med Assoc J[Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Jan 2];22(2):83-8. Available from: https://www.ima.org.il/FilesUploadPublic/IMAJ/0/408/204182.pdf https://www.ima.org.il/FilesUploadPublic... )	2020/Israel/PubMed	Case study/4 /C	Assess the effectiveness of applying bromelain-based selective enzymatic debridement.	The safe and effective use of the agent, considered an effective treatment modality.
S7(³¹31 Rohilla L, Agnihotri M, Trehan SK, Sharma RK, Ghai S. Effect of music therapy on pain perception, anxiety, and opioid use during dressing change among patients with burns in India: a quasi-experimental, cross-over pilot study. Ostomy Wound Manage [Internet]. 2018[cited 2022 Jan 15];64(10). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30312157/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30312157... )	2018/USA/PubMed	Cross-sectional study/2C/B	Assess the effect of music therapy on pain, anxiety, opioid use and hemodynamic variables during burn dressing change.	Reduction in anxiety scores before dressing changes compared to daily dressing changes without the intervention.
S8(²⁸28 LI L, Dai JX, Xu L, Huang ZX, Pan Q, Zhang X, et al. The effect of a rehabilitation nursing intervention model on improving the comprehensive health status of patients with hand burns. Burns. 2017;43(4):877-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2016.11.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2016.11.... )	2017/USA/PubMed	Randomized clinical trial/1B/A	Observe the effect of a rehabilitation intervention on the general health status of patients with hand burns.	Application of the Burn-Specific Abbreviated Health Scale (BSHS-A) and the rehabilitation intervention model with three phases: acute (T1), convalescence (T2) and before discharge (T3).
S9(³²32 Daneshpajooh L, Ghezeljeh TN, Haghani H. Comparison of the effects of inhalation aromatherapy using Damask Rose aroma and the Benson relaxation technique in burn patients: A randomized clinical trial. Burns. [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Jan 1];45(5):1205-14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2019.03.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2019.03.... )	2019/USA/CINAHL	Randomized clinical trial/1B/A	Compare the effects of aromatherapy by inhaling apricot rose scent and the Benson relaxation technique on painful anxiety in burn patients.	After painful interventions, such as dressing changes, significant differences in pain anxiety were reported.

Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem SGA Norte Quadra 603 Conj. "B" - Av. L2 Norte 70830-102 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Tel.: (55 61) 3226-0653, Fax: (55 61) 3225-4473 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
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[1] Corresponding author: Pâmela Cristine Piltz Costa, E-mail: pamelapiltz@gmail.com