Prevalencia de pruebas y coronavirus-19 entre enfermeros en la pandemia

Estudio transversal con 379 enfermeros, con técnica de muestreo por redes, utilizándose encuesta sociodemográfica, laboral y clínica. Realizada estadística descriptiva, análisis de regresión logística simple y múltiple.

Resultados:

La prevalencia de testeo y COVID-19 fueron, respectivamente, 63,3% y 25,0%. Síntomas más comunes fueron anosmia, ageusia y mialgia. Referido uso inadecuado de equipos de protección individual por escasez de material. La razón de probabilidades para COVID-19 fue mayor en aquellos con hijos, diabéticos, de la capital, con más de dos empleos, en hospital y servicios médicos de urgencia y de primera línea. La regresión logística múltiple, tuvieron más probabilidades para COVID-19, enfermeros con hijos (p=0,011), diabéticos (p=0,018) y de primera línea (p<0,001).

Conclusiones:

Ampliación de testeo, educación permanente en servicio y equipos de protección individual adecuados son necesarios para optimización laboral de enfermeros.

Descriptores:
Infecciones por Coronavirus; COVID-19; Enfermería; Prevalencia; Pandemias

Variables	n	%
Sex
Male	48	12.6
Female	331	87.4
Marital status
No partner (single, separated, widowed)	170	44.8
Married/stable union	209	55.2
Children
Yes	193	51.0
No	186	49.0
Number of persons in the household
≤ 3 persons	244	64.4
> 3 people	135	35.6
Systemic arterial hypertension
Yes	32	8.5
No	347	91.5
Diabetes mellitus
Yes	12	3.2
No	367	96.8
Graduation time
≤ 10 years	238	62.8
> 10 years	141	37.2
Occupational situation
Assets	365	96.4
Unemployed	14	3.6
Employment links
≥ 2 jobs	134	35.5
1 job	231	60.9
Unemployed	14	3.6
Workplace
Hospital/emergency unit	177	46.7
Basic health unit	188	49.7
Unemployed	14	3.6
Sector of work
Infirmary/intensive care/emergency	173	45.6
Primary Care	192	50.8
Unemployed	14	3.6
Proper use of personal protective equipment
Yes	284	75.0
No	81	21.4
Unemployed	14	3.6
Care for patients with COVID-19
Yes	253	66.8
No	112	29.6
Unemployed	14	3.6

Variables	n	%
SARS-CoV-2 test results
Positive	95	25.0
Negative	145	38.4
Did not go under test	139	36.6
Test type for SARS-CoV-2
RT-PCR	76	20.0
Serology	164	43.4
Did not go under test	139	36.6

Signs and symptoms	n	%
Fever
Yes	45	48.4
No	48	51.6
Cough
Yes	56	60.3
No	37	39.7
Coryza
Yes	56	60.3
No	37	39.7
Anosmia
Yes	62	66.7
No	31	33.3
Ageusia
Yes	59	63.5
No	34	36.5
Dyspnea
Yes	29	31.2
No	64	68.8
Chest pain
Yes	34	36.6
No	59	63.4
Myalgia
Yes	71	76.4
No	22	23.6
Adynamia
Yes	72	77.5
No	21	22.5
Diarrhea
Yes	44	47.4
No	49	52.6

Variables	Test for SARS-CoV-2				Odds ratio	Confidence interval 95%	p value (Wald test)
	Positive		Negative
	n	%	n	%
Sex
Female	78	37.8	128	62.1	0.61	0.28-1.31	0.207
Male	15	50.0	15	50.0	1
Age
> 45 years	16	41.0	23	58.9	1.08	0.54-2.18	0.821
≤ 45 years	77	39.0	120	60.9	1
Marital status
No partner	35	34.3	67	65.6	0.68	0.40-1.17	0.163
Married/stable union	58	43.2	76	56.7	1
Children
Yes	57	46.7	65	53.2	1.90	1.12-3.23	0.018
No	36	31.5	78	68.4	1
Persons in the household
> 3 people	33	41.7	46	58.2	1.16	0.67-2.01	0.598
≤ 3 persons	60	38.2	97	61.7	1
Training time
≤ 10 years	58	37.6	96	62.3	0.81	0.47-1.40	0.453
> 10 years	35	42.6	47	57.3	1
Hypertension
Yes	8	36.3	14	63.6	0.87	0.35-2.16	0.759
No	85	39.7	129	60.2	1
Diabetes mellitus
Yes	7	77.7	2	22.2	5.74	1.17-28.26	0.032
No	86	37.8	141	62.1	1
City where you work
State Capital	70	42.9	93	57.0	1.64	0.91-2.93	0.098
Countryside	23	31.5	50	68.4	1
Employment relationship
≥ 2 jobs	47	46.5	54	53.4	1.68	0.99-2.86	0.053
1 job	46	34.0	89	65.9	1
Workplace
Hospital/UPA	54	45.3	65	54.6	1.66	0.98-2.82	0.059
Primary care	39	33.3	78	66.6	1
Sector of work
Inf./ICU/Emergency	56	45.1	68	54.8	1.67	0.98-2.83	0.058
Primary Care	37	33.0	75	66.9	1
Use of personal protective equipment
No	11	32.3	23	67.6	0.70	0.32-1.51	0.365
Yes	82	40.5	120	59.4	1
Covid-19 care
Yes	87	44.3	109	55.6	4.52	1.82-11.26	0.001
No	6	15.0	34	85.0	1

Variables	Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis		p value (Wald test)
Variables	Gross odd ratio	Adjusted odds ratio	Confidence interval 95%	p value (Wald test)
Children
Yes	1.90	2.11	1.19-3.74	0.011
No	1	1
Diabetes disease
Yes	5.74	8.61	1.44-51.54	0.018
No	1	1
City where you work
Capital	1.64	1.77	0.95-3.32	0.073
Countryside	1	1
Employment links
≥ 2 jobs	1.68	1.33	0.75-2.36	0.334
1 job	1	1
Workplace
Hospital/UPA	1.66	1.09	0.58-2.05	0.788
Others	1	1
Working sector
Inf./ICU/Emergency	1.67	1.71	0.95-3.06	0.073
Others	1	1
Covid-19 care
Yes	4.52	5.71	2.15-15.17	< 0.001
No	1	1

Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem SGA Norte Quadra 603 Conj. "B" - Av. L2 Norte 70830-102 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Tel.: (55 61) 3226-0653, Fax: (55 61) 3225-4473 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: reben@abennacional.org.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Gilmara Holanda da Cunha E-mail: gilmaraholandaufc@yahoo.com.br