Sleep quality and its association with menopausal and climacteric symptoms

this is a cross-sectional, analytical and correlational study. Sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; and climacteric symptoms, according to the Menopause Rating Scale. To compare the total score and each Menopause Rating Scale domain with the PSQI classification, the Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test was used. P<0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

261 women (67.8%) were classified as bad sleepers. There was a positive and significant correlation between the sleep scale scores and the total menopause score and its domains. Women categorized as poor sleepers had worse scores on the menopause symptom scale.

Conclusion:

women with worse sleep quality revealed greater severity of symptoms related to menopause.

Descriptors:
Menopause; Postmenopause; Sleep; Nursing; Climacteric

Characteristics	n(%)
Age
45 to 55 years old	158 (41)
56 to 65 years old	135 (35.1)
≥66 years old	92 (23.9)
Income (MW^* * MW = Current minimum wage = R$998.00 (corresponding to about US$181), Brazil, 2019; )
0 to 2	273 (70.9)
3 to 4	80 (20.8)
>5	32 (8.3)
Marital status
With a partner	219 (56.9)
Without a partner	166 (43.1)
Educational level
Illiterate	20 (5.2)
Incomplete/complete elementary school	177 (46)
High school and incomplete/complete vocational education	124 (32.3)
Incomplete/complete higher education	64 (6.7)
Religion
Catholicism	202 (52.5)
Evangelical	148 (38.4)
Spiritist, another, and none	35 (9.1)
Occupation
Employed	149 (38.7)
Unemployed	236 (61.3)
Race
White and yellow	175 (45.4)
Black and brown	210 (54.6)
Active sex life
Yes	220 (57.1)
No	165 (42.9)
Early sex life, years, Mean (SD^† † SD = standard deviation )	18.6 (4.68)
Onset of menopause, Mean (SD^† † SD = standard deviation )	46.9 (5.65)
Clinical signs after menopause
Hot flash	261 (67.8)
Mood swing	235 (61.0)
Change in appetite	99 (25.7)
Vaginal dryness	152 (39.5)
Change in libido	147 (38.2)
Dyspareunia	200 (51.9)
Alopecia	210 (54.5)
Sleep change	207 (53.8)
Do not remember	09 (2.3)

Domains and indicators	Mean	SD^* * SD = Standard deviation; 25;75 - 25th and 75th percentile.	Median	25;75
Somatovegetative domain	6.79	3.85	7.0	4;10
Shortness of breath, sweats, and hot flashes	2.12	1.69	3.0	0;4.0
Heart disease	1.01	1.24	0	0;2.0
Problems with sleeping	1.55	1.60	1.0	0;3.0
Muscle and joint problems	2.12	1.69	3.0	0;4.0
Psychological domain	5.95	4.29	5.0	2.5;9.0
Depressive mood	0.98	1.28	0	0;20
Irritability	2.08	1.63	2.0	0;4.0
Anxiety	1.83	1.65	1.0	0;4.0
Physical and mental exhaustion	1.06	1.28	0	0;20
Urogenital domain	2.73	2.82	2.0	0;4.5
Sexual problems	0.94	1.35	0	0;2
Bladder problems	0.77	1.28	0	0;1
Vaginal dryness	1.02	1.32	0	0;2
Global score	15.49	8.57	15.0	9.5;22

Domains and indicators	Good sleepers		Bad sleepers		p value^† † mann-whitney u test.
Domains and indicators	Mean (DP^* * SD = standard deviation; 25;75 – 25th and 75th percentile; )	Median (25;75)	Mean (DP^* * SD = standard deviation; 25;75 – 25th and 75th percentile; )	Median (25;75)	p value^† † mann-whitney u test.
Somatovegetative domain	4.71 (3.37)	4.0 (2;7)	7.78 (3.67)	8.0 (5;10)	<0.01
Shortness of breath, sweats, and hot flashes	1.60 (1.66)	1.0 (0;3)	2.38 (1.65)	3.0 (0;4)	< 0.01
Heart disease	0.73 (1.12)	0 (0;2)	1.13 (1.27)	1.0 (0;2)	<0.01
Sleeping problems	0.57 (1.10)	0 (0;1)	2.01 (1.60)	2.0 (0;4)	< 0.01
Muscle and joint problems	1.81 (1.80)	1.0 (0;4)	2.26 (1.62)	3.0 (0;4)	0.39
Psychological domain	3.49 (3.21)	3.0(0.25;5.0)	7.12 (4.25)	7.0 (4;11)	<0.01
Depressive mood	0.35 (0.78)	0 (0;0)	1.28 (1.36)	1.0 (0;2)	< 0.01
Irritability	1.52 (1.61)	1 (0;3)	2.34 (1.58)	3.0 (1;4)	< 0.01
Anxiety	1.10 (1.42)	0 (0;2)	2.18 (1.64)	2.0 (0;4)	< 0.01
Physical and mental exhaustion	0.52 (0.94)	0 (0;1)	1.33 (1.34)	1.0 (0;2)	< 0.01
Urogenital domain	2.04 (2.57)	1.0 (0;3)	3.06 (2.88)	3.0(0;5)	<0.01
Sexual problems	0.66 (1.20)	0 (0;0)	1.07 (1.39)	0 (0;2)	< 0.01
Bladder problems	0.52 (1.14)	0 (0;0)	0.89 (1.32)	0 (0;2)	< 0.01
Vaginal dryness	0.85 (1.29)	0 (0;2)	1.10 (1.33)	0 (0;2)	0.40
Global score	10.25 (6.57)	10 (5;15)	17.97 (8.29)	17 (12;25)	<0.01

Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem SGA Norte Quadra 603 Conj. "B" - Av. L2 Norte 70830-102 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Tel.: (55 61) 3226-0653, Fax: (55 61) 3225-4473 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: reben@abennacional.org.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Mariana Alvina dos Santos E-mail: marifamema@yahoo.com.br