Scientific evidence of dockworker illness to nursing clinical reasoning

Almeida, Marlise Capa Verde de; Cezar-Vaz, Marta Regina

doi:10.1590/S0080-623420160000200022

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Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP

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REVIEW ARTICLE • REEUSPRev. esc. enferm. USP 50 (02) • Mar-Apr 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420160000200022 copy

Scientific evidence of dockworker illness to nursing clinical reasoning^* * Extracted from the thesis "Adoecimento osteomuscular de trabalhadores portuários avulsos e o processamento do raciocínio clínico da enfermagem", Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 2015.

Evidencias científicas de enfermización del trabajador portuario para el razonamiento clínico de la enfermería

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To identify scientific evidence of occupational illness of dockworkers published in the literature.

METHOD

systematic review of the literature, developed according to the Cochrane method. The databases searched were: Cochrane, LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL and SciELO. Studies from 1988 to 2014 were selected. The data were analyzed according to the level of evidence and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology.

RESULTS

We included 14 studies, in which 11 (78.6%) were from international journals. The year of 2012 showed greater number of studies. All studies were classified as: Level of Evidence 4, highlighting lung cancer, musculoskeletal and ischemic diseases, causal link in chemical risks.

CONCLUSION

The development of preventive measures should especially include chemical exposure of workers applying the clinical reasoning of nurses' environmental knowledge to care for illnesses.

Descriptors
Occupational Health; Occupational Risks; Occupational Health Nursing; Review

Title or references	Year/ country	Study design/ Number of participants	Results: illness/risks	Strobe Score
Latency periods in asbestos-related mesothelioma of the pleura¹³13 Bianchi C, Giarelli L, Grandi G, Brollo A, Ramani L, Zuch C. Latency periods in asbestos-related mesothelioma of the pleura. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1997;6(2):162-6.	1997 Italy	Cohort N=421	Pleural mesothelioma/asbestos exposure due to repair and shipbuilding industries.	76.4%
Lung Cancer and Elemental Carbon Exposure in Trucking Industry Workers¹⁴14 Garshick E, Laden F, Hart JE, Davis ME, Eisen EA, Smith TJ. Lung cancer and elemental carbon exposure in trucking industry workers. Environ Health Perspect. 2012;120(9):1301-6.	2012 USA	Cohort N=58.326	Lung cancer/exposure to vehicular carbon.	75%
Cause-Specific Mortality in the Unionized U.S. Trucking Industry¹⁵15 Laden F, Hart JE, Smith TJ, Davis ME, Garshick E. Cause-specific mortality in the unionized U.S. trucking industry. Environ Health Perspect. 2007;115(8):1192-6.	2007 USA	Retrospective Cohort N=54.319	High rates of lung cancer (SMR=1.10) and ischemic heart disease (SMR=1.32)/Vehicle Fuel.	73.6%
Occupational exposure and lung cancer risk in a coastal area of Northeastern Italy¹⁶16 Bovenzi M, Stanta G, Antiga G, Peruzzo P, Cavallieri F. Occupational exposure and lung cancer risk in a coastal area of Northeastern Italy. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1993;65(1):35-41.	1993 Italy	Retrospective Cohort N=174	Lung cancer/Asbestos exposure.	71.4%
Reducing AIDS risk among port workers in Santos, Brazil¹⁷17 Hearst N, Lacerda R, Gravato N, Hudes ES, Stall R. Reducing AIDS risk among port workers in Santos, Brazil. Am J Public Health. 1999;89(1):76-8.	1999 Brazil	Intervention study N=226.	AIDS/risk behavior.	69.1%
Ischaemic heart disease mortality and years of work in trucking industry workers¹⁸18 Hart JE, Garshick E, Smith TJ, Davis ME, Laden F. Ischaemic heart disease mortality and years of work in trucking industry workers. Occup Environ Med. 2013;70(8):523-8.	2013 USA	Cohort N=12.652	Ischemic heart disease/exposure to toxic combustion gases from vehicular emission sources.	66.4%
Occupation and risk of lung cancer in Central and Eastern Europe: the IARC multi-center case-control study¹⁹19 Bardin-Mikolajczak A, Lissowska J, Zaridze D, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Rudnai P, Fabianova E et al. Occupation and risk of lung cancer in Central and Eastern Europe: the IARC multi-center case-control study. Cancer Causes Control. 2007;18(6):645-54.	2007 Central and Eastern Europe	Case-control study. N=161	Lung cancer exposure to fuel and cargo grain/powder such as cement, sand, cereals.	65.9%
Lung Cancer and Vehicle Exhaust in Trucking Industry Workers²⁰20 Garshick E, Laden F, Hart JE, Rosner B, Davis ME, Eisen EA et al. Lung cancer and vehicle exhaust in trucking industry workers. Environ Health Perspect. 2008;116(10):1327-32.	2008 EUA	Cohort N=6.553	Lung cancer/exposure to diesel vehicle (forklift).	61.4%
The prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases among casual dock workers³3 Almeida MCV, Cezar-vaz MR, Soares JF, Silva MR. The prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases among casual dock workers. Rev Latino Am Enfermagem [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2015 Nov 3];20(2):243-50. Available from: Available from: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rlae/v20n2/05.pdf http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rlae/v20n2/05.p...	2012 Brazil	Retrospective Cohort N=953	Low back pain, tendinitis and neck pain/ Risks involved in port work routine.	57.3%
Dock worker: profile of occupational diseases diagnosed in an occupational health service⁴4 Almeida MCV, Cezar-vaz MR, Rocha LP, Cardoso LS. Dock worker: profile of occupational diseases diagnosed in an occupational health service. Acta Paul Enferm [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2015 Nov 3];25(2):270-6. Available from: Available from: http://www2.unifesp.br/acta/pdf/v25/n2/v25n2a18_en.pdf http://www2.unifesp.br/acta/pdf/v25/n2/v...	2012 Brazil	Retrospective Cohort N=953	Prevalence of musculoskeletal cardiovascular and mental diseases/ Risks involved in port work routine.	57.3%
A reestruturação produtiva nos portos e suas implicações sobre acidentes de trabalho em estivadores do Espírito Santo²¹21 Bourguignon DR, Borges LH. A reestruturação produtiva nos portos e suas implicações sobre acidentes de trabalho em estivadores do Espírito Santo. Cad Saúde Colet. 2006;14(1):63-80.	2006 Brazil	Cohort N=13	Contusions, fractures, back pain and tight/ exposure to risks inherent to their work.	57.3%
Evaluation of the respiratory health of dock workers who load grain cargoes in British Columbia²²22 Dimich-Ward HD, Kennedy SM, Dittrick MA, DyBuncio A, Chan-Yeung M. Evaluation of the respiratory health of dock workers who load grain cargoes in British Columbia. Occup Environ Med. 1995;52(4):273-8.	1995 British Columbia	Case-control study N=118	Respiratory illness/exposure of workers to grains (dust) in the loading and unloading.	48.2%
Malignant pleural mesothelioma in Italy²³23 Bianchi C, Bianchi T. Malignant pleural mesothelioma in Italy. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2009;13(2):80-3.	2009 Italy	Cohort N=811	Malignant mesothelioma/asbestos exposure in shipbuilding and production of fiber cement.	42.7%
Asbestos Exposure in Malignant Mesothelioma of the Pleura: A Survey of 557 Cases²⁴24 Bianchi C, Brollo A, Ramani L, Bianchi T, Giarelli L. Asbestos exposure in malignant mesothelioma of the pleura: a survey of 557 cases. Ind Health. 2001;39(2):161-7.	2001 Italy	Cohort N=456	Malignant Mesothelioma/Asbestos exposure in shipbuilding and repair.	40.9%

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[1] Corresponding author: Marlise Capa Verde de Almeida. Rua General Osório s/nº - Campus da Saúde - Rio Grande - RS. CEP 96.201-900 - Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. marlisealmeida@msn.com