Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review evidence on dysfunctional psychological responses of Intensive Care Units nurses (ICUNs), with focus on anxiety and depressive symptoms and related factors.
METHOD
A literature search was performed in CINAHL, PubMed and Scopus databases, from 1999 to present, along with a critical appraisal and synthesis of all relevant data. The following key words, separately and in combination, were used: "mental status" "depressive symptoms" "anxiety" "ICU nurses" "PTSD" "burnout" "compassion fatigue" "psychological distress".
RESULTS
Thirteen quantitative studies in English and Greek were included. The results suggested increased psychological burden in ICUNs compared to other nursing specialties, as well as to the general population.
CONCLUSIONS
Studies investigating psychological responses of ICUNs are limited, internationally. Future longitudinal and intervention studies will contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon.
Descriptors
Nursing, Team; Intensive Care; Anxiety; Depression; Burnout, Professional; Review
Abbreviations: BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory II; BJSQ: Brief Job Stress Questionnaire; BSI: Brief Symptom Inventory; CD-RISC: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; CES-D: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; CF: Chronic Fatigue; CMQ: Composite Morningness Questionnaire; CQ: Coping Questionnaire; CSAQ: Cognitive Somatic Anxiety Questionnaire; CTI: Circadian Type Inventory; EPI: Eysenck Personality Inventory; F SozU-K-22: Social Support Questionnaire "F-SozU"; GHQ: General Health Questionnaire; GHQ-12: General Health Questionnaire-12; GJS: General Job Satisfaction; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HAS: Hamilton Anxiety Scale; IES: Impact of Event Scale; IWS: Index of Work Satisfaction; LSQ: Life Satisfaction Questionnaire; MBI: Maslach Burnout Inventory; MPSS: Modified Posttraumatic Symptom Scale; MSPSS: The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; OSI: Oxidative Stress Index; PDEQ: The Peritraumatic Dissociative Experience Questionnaire; PDS: Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale; PHQ: Physical Health Questionnaire; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PTSS-10: Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome 10 Questions Inventory; SQ: Sleep Questionnaire; SSI: Standard Shiftwork Index; SSICFS: Shiftwork Index Chronic Fatigue Scale; SSIGBIS: Standard Shiftwork Index General Biographic Information Section; STAI: State Trait Anxiety Inventory; TAS: Total Antioxidant Status; TOS: Total Oxidant Status; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; ER:Emergency Room; CCNs: Critical Care Nurses; ICU: Intensive Care Unit.
Abbreviations: BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; BJSQ: Brief Job Stress Questionnaire; CES-D: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale ; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HAS: Hamilton Anxiety Scale; IES-R: Impact of Event Scale Revised; MPSS-SR: Modified Posttraumatic Symptom Scale-Self Report; NE: Not explored; NM: Not mentioned; PDS: Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale; PTSS-10: Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome 10 Questions Inventory; SDQ: Self Developed questionnaire ; STAI: State Trait Anxiety Inventor.
Abbreviations: N-N: Nurse to nurse; Pa-N: Patient to nurse; P-N: Physician to nurse.