Factores relacionados con la alfabetización en salud de adolescentes brasileños: estudio transversal

Pimentel, Sidiany Mendes; Avila, Marla Andréia Garcia de; Medeiros, Vinnicius Dias Alves de; Prata, Rafaela Aparecida; Nunes, Hélio Rubens de Carvalho; Silva, Juliana Bastoni da

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 58 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2023-0310en copiar

Factores relacionados con la alfabetización en salud de adolescentes brasileños: estudio transversal

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

Analizar la relación entre factores sociodemográficos y clínicos con la alfabetización en salud de adolescentes brasileños.

Método:

Se trata de un estudio transversal llevado con 526 adolescentes entre 14 y 19 años. Los datos se recogieron virtualmente entre julio y septiembre de 2021 mediante un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica, de perfil clínico y de la Health Literacy Assessment Tool – versión en portugués. Las variables se sopesaron por regresión linear múltiple con respuesta normal y significación p < 0,05.

Resultados:

La edad promedio era de 16,9 años (±1,6) y la puntuación media en alfabetización en salud de 25,3 (±5,4). El sexo femenino (p = 0,014), la mayor escolaridad (p = 0,002) y el uso de medicación (p = 0,020) estaban relacionados con niveles más altos de alfabetización en salud. Los adolescentes con enfermedades crónicas obtuvieron una puntuación total de alfabetización más alta, en media, 1,51 puntos, en comparación con los que no padecían dichas enfermedades.

Conclusión:

Adolescentes del sexo masculino y aquellos con menos escolaridad presentaron un desempeño pobre en la alfabetización en salud y, por esa razón, necesitan atención especial durante las acciones de promoción de la salud.

DESCRIPTORES
Salud del Adolescente; Alfabetización en Salud; Promoción de la Salud; Determinantes Sociales de la Salud; Desarrollo del Adolescente

Variable	Total
Variable	N	%
Gender
Female	356	67.7
Male	170	32.3

Age (in Years)
14	49	9.3
15	71	13.5
16	94	17.9
17	71	13.5
18	137	26.0
19	104	19.8

Region
North	258	49.0
North East	31	5.9
Midwest	36	6.8
Southeast	191	36.3
South	10	1.9

Education (in progress or completed)
Elementary School	67	12.7
High school	353	67.1
University education	106	20.2

*Income (minimum wage)^ Minimum wage in 2021: R$ 1,2121*
< 0.5	116	22.1
0.5 – <1	52	9.9
1 – <2	136	25.9
2 – <5	141	26.8
5 – <10	45	8.6
10 – <20	26	4.9
≥20	10	1.9

Chronic disease
No	477	90.7
Yes	49	9.3

Recent hospitalization
No	505	96.0
Yes	21	4.0

Medication use
No	424	80.6
Yes	102	19.4

Variable	B	CI95%		p^* B: Estimation of regression model parameters; CI: confidence interval; Regression with normal response; Reference for regions of Brazil; Continuous quantitative variable; Reference for education levels; ***Reference for income levels; †Dichotomous variables, had as reference the absence of the analyzed event.
Male gender	−1.30	−2.29	−0.32	.010
Brazil Regions
South region	0.77	−2.66	4.19	.662
Southeast region	0.75	−0.27	1.76	.150
Midwest region	−0.48	−2.37	1.41	.620
North East region	0.61	−1.41	2.63	.554
North East^** B: Estimation of regression model parameters; CI: confidence interval; Regression with normal response; Reference for regions of Brazil; Continuous quantitative variable; Reference for education levels; ***Reference for income levels; †Dichotomous variables, had as reference the absence of the analyzed event.	0a
Age^*** B: Estimation of regression model parameters; CI: confidence interval; Regression with normal response; Reference for regions of Brazil; Continuous quantitative variable; Reference for education levels; ***Reference for income levels; †Dichotomous variables, had as reference the absence of the analyzed event.	0.23	−0.06	0.52	.120
Educational background
Universtiy level (in progress)	2.70	1.06	4.34	.001
High school level (in progress or completed)	0.60	−0.80	2.01	.398
Elementary school level (in progress or completed)^**** B: Estimation of regression model parameters; CI: confidence interval; Regression with normal response; Reference for regions of Brazil; Continuous quantitative variable; Reference for education levels; ***Reference for income levels; †Dichotomous variables, had as reference the absence of the analyzed event.	0a
Income	−0.18	−3.68	3.32	.919
Income of more than twenty minimum wages
Income between ten and twenty minimum wages	1.40	−0.91	3.70	.235
Income between five and ten minimum wages	1.06	−0.80	2.93	.264
Income between two and five minimum wages	−0.09	−1.42	1.24	.896
Income between one and two minimum wages	0.19	−1.16	1.53	.785
Income between half and one minimum wage	−0.39	−2.17	1.38	.664
Income up to half the minimum wage^***** B: Estimation of regression model parameters; CI: confidence interval; Regression with normal response; Reference for regions of Brazil; Continuous quantitative variable; Reference for education levels; ***Reference for income levels; †Dichotomous variables, had as reference the absence of the analyzed event.	0a
Chronic illness^†	1.51	−0.08	3.11	.063
Recent hospitalization^†	−0.83	−3.21	1.54	.492
Medication use^†	1.87	0.71	3.04	.002

Variable^* The variables “regions of the country” and “age” showed weaker associations and were not included in the multivariate regression to increase the precision of the estimates; B: Estimation of regression model parameters; CI: confidence interval; Multiple linear regression; **Reference for education levels, †Dichotomous variables, had as reference the absence of the analyzed event.	B	CI95%		p^** The variables “regions of the country” and “age” showed weaker associations and were not included in the multivariate regression to increase the precision of the estimates; B: Estimation of regression model parameters; CI: confidence interval; Multiple linear regression; **Reference for education levels, †Dichotomous variables, had as reference the absence of the analyzed event.
Intercept	24.48	23.17	25.78	0.000
Male gender	−1.22	−2.19	−0.25	.014
Educational background
Universtiy level (in progress)	2.55	0.93	4.18	.002
High school level (in progress or completed)	0.57	−0.82	1.96	.419
Elementary school level (in progress or completed)^**** The variables “regions of the country” and “age” showed weaker associations and were not included in the multivariate regression to increase the precision of the estimates; B: Estimation of regression model parameters; CI: confidence interval; Multiple linear regression; **Reference for education levels, †Dichotomous variables, had as reference the absence of the analyzed event.	0a
Chronic illness†	0.68	−0.96	2.33	.417
Medication use†	1.44	0.23	2.65	.020

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Corresponding author: Sidiany Mendes Pimentel, 605 sul alameda 30 Qi 14, 77016-420 – Palmas, TO, Brazil, sidiany.pimentel@ifto.edu.br