| A1 Hendi 2010(1616. Hendi A. Silver nanoparticles mediate differential responses in some of liver and kidney functions during skin wound healing. J King Saud Univ Sci. 2011;23(1):47-52.)
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Silver nanoparticles mediate differential responses in some of liver and kidney functions during skin wound healing |
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were injected intraperitoneally in rats with wounds, and it was found that the healing rate increased in animals treated with AgNP when compared to the control. It was found that the healed wound in the AgNP group showed greater resemblance to normal skin, with less hypertrophic scar and hair growth almost equal to the surface of the wound, with a thin epidermis and almost normal hair follicles. |
| A2 Rigo et al.2013(1717. Rigo C, Ferroni L, Tocco I, Roman M, Munivrana B, Gardin C, et al. Active silver nanoparticles for wound healing. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14(3):4817-40.)
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Active silver nanoparticles for wound healing |
Silver nanoparticles were used, using the Acticoat™ Flex 3, with application of the product directly onto the wound bed, in a burn in a human, and showed a higher healing speed. |
| A3 Li et al.2013(1818. Li C, Fu R, Yu C, Li Z, Guan H, Hu D, et al. Silver nanoparticle/chitosan oligosaccharide/poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibers as wound dressings: a preclinical study. Int J Nanomedicine. 2013;8(1):4131-45.)
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Silver nanoparticle/ chitosan oligosaccharide/ poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers as wound dressings: a preclinical study |
The use of pure poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/chitosan oligosaccharides (COS), PVA/COS-Nitrate silver nanofibers (AgNO3) and PVA/COS-AgNP nanofibers were compared. In the evaluation of wound healing time, four full-thickness circular wounds were cut into the back of rats and covered with PVA/COS-AgNO3 nanofibers, PVA/COS-AgNP nanofibers, commercially available (positive control) coatings or gauze (negative control). Wound closure was observed in all treatment groups within 14 days. The results of the histological examination showed that healing was superior when using PVA/COS-AgNP nanofibers. Seven days after grafting, wounds in the groups with PVA/COS-AgNO3 nanofiber and gauze exhibited ulcerated surfaces, granulation tissue formation and infiltration of inflammatory cells, while the granulation tissue in the PVA/ COS-AgNP nanofiber group disappeared without capillary hyperplasia. |
A4 Wen et al.2015(1919. Wen X, Zheng Y, Wu J, Yue L, Wang C, Luan J, et al. In vitro and in vivo investigation of bacterial celulose dressing containing uniform silver sulfadiazine nano particles for burn wound healing. Progressin Natural Science: Materials International [Internet] 2015 [cited 2015 Jun 10]. 25(3): 197-203. Available from: doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2015.05.004.
doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2015.05.004...
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In vitro and in vivo investigation of bacterial cellulose dressing containing uniform silver sulfadiazine nanoparticles for burn wound healing |
Using bacterial cellulose dressings containing silver nanoparticles (BC-SSD), in vitro tests were performed to analyze the antibacterial action of BC-SSD and an excellent result was found against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. In vivo tests were also performed using two groups of rats, the product was applied directly to the burn which was created for the study and a tendency of an increased bacteria count in the first four days for both groups was observed, but the amount of bacteria on the surface of the wound in the BC-SSD group in suspension was much lower than in the control group. |
| A5 Presteset al.2012(2020. Prestes MA, Ribas CAPM, Ribas Filho JM, Moreira LB, Boldt ABW, Brustolin EV, et al. Wound healing using ionic silver dressing and nonocrystalline silver dressing in rats. Acta Cir Bras. 2012;27(11):761-7.)
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Wound healing using ionic silver dressing and nanocrystalline silver dressing in rats |
The rats were divided into three groups: the control group with distilled water (AD), Silver Ionic group (PI) and Silver Nanocrystalline (PN) group, surgical wounds were performed to analyze the contraction of the wound and the reduction of inflammation, observing the groups PI x AD and PN x AD for 21 days. The intensity of the inflammation was macroscopically analyzed, which on the seventh day was more pronounced in the AD and PI groups, in 90% of the cases. However, comparing the evaluation days, two by two, the AD and PN groups presented more statistically significant values. Regarding the histological analysis, it was demonstrated that there was no inflammation in any group, and the control group was superior to the PN and PI groups. Finally, in the analysis of the wound contraction, in relation to the delimited area of the surgical wound, it was observed that the PN and PI groups presented better results when compared to the AD group. Another relevant point was the presence of macrophages, already observed in the first week in the PN and PI groups, while in the same period there were no cases in the AD group. |
A6 Chu et al.2012(2121. Chu CY, Peng FC, Chiu YF, Lee HC, Chen CW, Wei JC, et al. Nanohybrids of silver particles immobilized on silicate platelet for infected wound healing. PLoS One [Internet]. 2012;7(6):e38360. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038360.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.003...
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Nanohybrids of silver particles immobilized on silicate platelet for infected wound healing |
Six groups were tested. Nanoscale silicate platelets containing silver nanoparticles (AgNP/NSP) with a large surface area and high biocidal efficacy were developed, expressing a tendency of lower cytotoxicity and low genotoxicity, proving to be a great wound healing agent. AgNP/NSP cytotoxicity was analyzed in human foreskin fibroblasts and the indication of cytotoxicity was correlated directly to the dose used. Compared to other commercial drugs, AgNP/NSP showed a lower tendency to toxicity at a concentration of 8.75 ppm Ag. The pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (Staph) was used to promote wound infection. In the acute burn model, the wound area in the Staph + AgNP/NSP group was significantly lower than in any of the other groups, and six of them had significantly lower wound areas on days two, four and seven. Wounds treated with AQ or sulfadiazine (SS) also resulted in significantly smaller wound areas compared to untreated Staphylococci, Staph + NSP and Staph + Poly-Ag groups. However, on day seven, AQ did not show a smaller area when compared to the one treated with Staph + NSP. NSP treatment was significantly better than wound healing with Staphylococcus and Staph + Poly-Ag on days four and seven. A smaller wound area was observed in the poly-Ag group than in the untreated groups and in the Staphylococcus group on days four and seven. |
| A7 Karavanaet al.2012(2222. Karavana SY, Gökçe EH, Rençber S, Özbal S, Pekçetin C, Güneri P, et al. A new approach to the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis with bioadhesive gels containing cyclosporine A solid lipid nanoparticles: in vivo/in vitro examinations. Int J Nanomedicine. 2012;7:5693-704.)
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A new approach to the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis with bioadhesive gels containing cyclosporine A solid lipid nanoparticles: in vivo/in vitro examinations |
A gel formulation of Cyclosporine A loaded with solid lipid nanoparticles (NLS/CsA-loaded) was developed and applied in vivo. The observations were made in rabbits, divided into three groups, in which gingival ulcers were made for application and analysis of the product. Wound healing was established by scoring the wound healing rate on days three, six, nine and 12, in addition to histological observations. The results revealed that on days three, six and nine, the dimensions of the area of the first group (gel-treated) and the second group (treated with the NLS/CsA-loaded gel) were smaller than those of the control group. The group treated with the NLS/CsA-loaded gel showed a decrease in edema. On day 12, complete epithelization was observed in the treated groups, while in the control group incomplete epithelization was observed. The NLS/CsA-loaded bioadhesive gel formulation significantly increased the rate of mucosal repair. |
| A8 Han et al. 2013(2323. Han G, Nquyen LN, Mancherla C, Chi Y, Friedman JM, Nosanchuk JD, et al. Nitric oxide–releasing nanoparticles accelerate wound healing by promoting fibroblast migration and collagen deposition. Am J Pathol. 2012;180(4):1465-73.)
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Nitric oxide–releasing nanoparticles accelerate wound healing by promoting fibroblast migration and collagen deposition |
The in vitro application of nitric oxide nanoparticles (NO-NP) to human fibroblast and in vivo in rats demonstrated that NO-NP stimulated the migration of fibroblasts and collagen to the wound area, which did not happen with the control group and the NP group. One day after the wound, the group of NO-NP-treated fibroblasts repopulated significantly 15% more than the other groups. Three days after the wound, the group of fibroblasts treated with NO-NP also showed a 15% improvement in wound closure when compared to the other groups. The evaluation of the genic expression of collagens types I and III in human fibroblasts showed that in the NO-NP group the increase was significant compared to the others. Rapid healing of the wound was observed, reaching full closure 12 days after surgery, unlike the other groups. As for wound angiogenesis, in the NO-NP treated group, wounds exhibited dense vascularization and, at about the seventh day, exhibited significantly higher concentrations of TGF growth factor in contrast to the other groups. |
| A9 Nurhasni et al. 2015(2424. Nurhasni H, Cao J, Choi M, Kim I, Lee BL, Jung Y, et al. Nitric oxide-releasing poly(lactic-co-glycolic-acid)-polyethylenimine nanoparticles for prolonged nitric oxide release, antibacterial efficacy, and “in vivo” wound healing activity. Int J Nanomedicine. 2015;10:3065-80.)
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Nitric oxide-releasing poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-polyethylenimine nanoparticles for prolonged nitric oxide release, antibacterial efficacy, and in vivo wound healing activity |
Full-thickness wounds were performed on rats and then methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was used to develop an infection. The rats were divided into two groups: one treated with Nitric Oxide – Poly (Lactic Acid-Co-Glycolic) (PLGA) Polyethylenimine (PEI) NPs (Nanoparticles) NO/ PPNPs and another without treatment (control). In vivo analysis performed with rats and in vitro with mammalian fibroblast showed that NO/PPNPs showed potent bactericidal efficacy against (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and showed to be able to bind to the surface of the bacteria, depending on the concentration. The analyses further showed that NO released from NO/PPNPs mediates bactericidal efficacy and is non-toxic to healthy fibroblast cells. |
A10 Fan et al. 2013(2525. Fan L, Cheng C, Qiao Y, Li F, Li W, Wu H, et al. GNPs-CS/KGM as hemostatic first aid wound dressing with antibiotic effect: in vitro and in vivo study. PLoS One. 2013;8(7): e66890. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066890.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.006...
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GNPs-CS/KGM as hemostatic first aid wound dressing with antibiotic effect: In vitro and in vivo study |
The modified chitosan/glucomannan konjac (GNP-CS/KGM) film showed synergistic effects that helped to stop lesion bleeding, as well as showing good antibiotic capacity for the addition of gentamicin. In vitro studies to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the modified GNP-CS/KGM film against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas revealed a strong inhibitory effect against the bacteria mentioned above, while the C75K25 film only had an inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus. |
A11 Kawai et al. 2011(2626. Kawai K, Larson BJ, Ishise H, Carre AL, Nishimoto S, Longaker M, et al. Calcium-based nanoparticles accelerate skin wound healing. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27106. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027106.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.002...
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Calcium-based nanoparticles accelerate skin wound healing |
After the wounds were made on rats, a single intravenous dose of calcium-based nanoparticles was administered and, within the first 24 hours, they were able to acutely decrease the size of the open wound via contracture, however, the healing rate was similar to that of the control group. When the topical application of the calcium nanoparticles to the wounds was performed, no significant alteration of the healing rate was observed. In the in vitro analysis, an increase of calcium absorption by the fibroblasts was observed. Nanoparticles also increased the rate of proliferation of fibroblasts. A fibroblast-populated collagen structure was created to determine the effects of cell contraction when treated with CNP. |
A12 Kumar et al. 2013(2727. Kumar SPT, Rai NM, Praveen G, Chennazhi KP, Nair SV, Jayakumar R. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of microporous chitosan hydrogel/nanofibrin composite bandage for skin tissue regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A. 2013;19(3-4):380-92. DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEA.2012.0376
https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.TEA.2012.037...
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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of microporous chitosan hydrogel/ nanofibrin composite bandage for skin tissue regeneration |
In vivo and in vitro tests were performed using nanoparticles of fibrin mixed with chitosan hydrogel (CFBs). The hemostatic potential of CFBs has been proven to enhance blood clotting. The CFBs incorporated with 1% and 2% of fibrin were compared with chitosan and only CFBs incorporated with 2% of fibrin showed a significant difference. When compared with Kaltostat, regardless of concentration, a significant difference in blood coagulation was observed. Experiments to evaluate cytotoxicity were performed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the non-toxic nature of CFBs was demonstrated. In vivo studies were performed on rats and wound healing was observed in two weeks when treated with CFBs. |
