Quality of life related to functional dependence, family functioning and social support in older adults

Alonso, Mayra Alejandra Mireles; Barajas, Martha Elba Salazar; Ordóñez, Jesús Alejandro Guerra; Ávila Alpirez, Hermelinda; Fhon, Jack Roberto Silva; Duran-Badillo, Tirso

doi:10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0482en

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 56 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0482en copy

Quality of life related to functional dependence, family functioning and social support in older adults^* * Extracted from the dissertation “Dependencia, funcionamiento familiar, apoyo social y calidad de vida en adultos mayores”, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Matamoros, 2018.

Qualidade de vida relacionada à dependência funcional, funcionamento familiar e suporte social em idosos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to determine the relationship between quality of life and functional dependence, family functioning and social support in older adults in northeastern Mexico.

Method:

this is a quantitative, descriptive and analytical study, with 205 older adults. The Barthel Index, Lawton and Brody Scale, APGAR test, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and WHOQOL-BREF were applied.

Results:

the physical, psychological and social dimensions of quality of life are related to functional capacity, family functioning and social support (p< 0.05). Functional capacity and social support predict physical and psychological quality of life. Basic activities, family function and social support predict social quality of life. Instrumental activities and social support predict environmental quality of life.

Conclusion:

quality of life depends on functional independence, family function and positive perceived health. Independence in basic activities and adequate social support improve physical quality of life. Being independent in basic activities and social support improve psychological quality of life. When presenting a decrease in independence in instrumental activities, perceived quality of life decreases.

DESCRIPTORS
Quality of Life; Activities of Daily Living; Family Relations; Social Support; Aged

Variables	Mean	SD	CI 95%
Variables	Mean	SD	Lower limit	Upper limit
Basic Activities of Daily Living	94.21	13.28	91.97	95.77
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living	6.39	2.29	6.06	6.67
Family functioning	8.43	2.24	8.09	8.75
Social support	40.27	8.28	39.26	41.40
Perceived quality of life	3.44	0.72	3.34	3.57
Perceived health	3.34	0.83	3.21	3.47
Physical quality of life	60.52	14.88	58.51	62.64
Phycological quality of life	67.43	12.44	65.87	69.24
Social quality of life	61.26	18.27	58.80	63.89
Environmental quality of life	55.12	12.44	53.25	57.17

	Perceived quality of life	Perceived health	Physical	Psychological	Social	Environmental
BADL	0.083	0.180**	0.467**	0.352**	0.221**	0.161*
IADL	0.204**	0.267**	0.426**	0.418**	0.226**	0.279**
Family functioning	0.264**	0.127	0.197**	0.255**	0.268**	0.349**
Social support	0.265**	0.225**	0.255**	0.332**	0.477**	0.351**

	Λ	F	DF of the hypothesis	DF of the error	p
Intersection	0.943	1.936	6.00	193.00	0.077
Sex	0.967	1.090	6.00	193.00	0.370
Age	0.941	2.010	6.00	193.00	0.066
BADL	0.906	3.347	6.00	193.00	0.004
IADL	0.883	4.273	6.00	193.00	0.000
Family function	0.935	2.248	6.00	193.00	0.040
Social support	0.736	11.526	6.00	193.00	0.000

Origin	Dependent variable	Type III sums of squares	DF	Mean square	F	p
Corrected model	Perceived quality of life	10.428	4	2.607	5.421	0.000
	Perceived health	18.648	4	4.662	7.553	0.000
	Physical	15418.344	4	3854.586	25.900	0.000
	Psychological	11491.521	4	2872.880	28.554	0.000
	Social	23662.199	4	5915.550	26.621	0.000
	Environmental	7608.518	4	1902.129	15.860	0.000
Intersection	Perceived quality of life	13.589	1	13.589	28.259	0.000
	Perceived health	8.761	1	8.761	14.193	0.000
	Physical	26.394	1	26.394	.177	0.674
	Psychological	1116.902	1	1116.902	11.101	0.001
	Social	229.981	1	229.981	1.035	0.310
	Environmental	758.420	1	758.420	6.324	0.013
BADL	Perceived quality of life	0.002	1	0.002	0.005	0.943
	Perceived health	0.137	1	0.137	0.223	0.637
	Physical	3634.128	1	3634.128	24.418	0.000
	Psychological	527.263	1	527.263	5.241	0.023
	Social	1167.665	1	1167.665	5.255	0.023
	Environmental	125.873	1	125.873	1.050	0.307
IADL	Perceived quality of life	1.508	1	1.508	3.136	0.078
	Perceived health	6.471	1	6.471	10.483	0.001
	Physical	997.290	1	997.290	6.701	0.010
	Psychological	2076.589	1	2076.589	20.640	0.000
	Social	224.547	1	224.547	1.010	0.316
	Environmental	567.256	1	567.256	4.730	0.031
Family function	Perceived quality of life	1.941	1	1.941	4.036	0.046
	Perceived health	0.208	1	0.208	0.336	0.563
	Physical	0.648	1	0.648	0.004	0.947
	Psychological	177.899	1	177.899	1.768	0.185
	Social	58.164	1	58.164	0.262	0.609
	Environmental	296.293	1	296.293	2.471	0.118
Social support	Perceived quality of life	0.780	1	0.780	1.623	0.204
	Perceived health	3.075	1	3.075	4.982	0.027
	Physical	1881.059	1	1881.059	12.639	0.000
	Psychological	1502.159	1	1502.159	14.930	0.000
	Social	14089.274	1	14089.274	63.404	0.000
	Environmental	2166.388	1	2166.388	18.064	0.000
Error	Perceived quality of life	96.177	200	0.481
	Perceived health	123.450	200	0.617
	Physical	29765.454	200	148.827
	Psychological	20122.300	200	100.612
	Social	44442.815	200	222.214
	Environmental	23986.090	200	119.930
Total	Perceived quality of life	2538.000	205
	Perceived health	2431.000	205
	Physical	796096.939	205
	Psychological	963958.333	205
	Social	837430.556	205
	Environmental	654472.656	205
Total corrected	Perceived quality of life	106.605	204
	Perceived health	142.098	204
	Physical	45183.798	204
	Psychological	31613.821	204
	Social	68105.014	204
	Environmental	31594.607	204

Dependent variable	Parameter	B	p	95% Confidence Interval
Dependent variable	Parameter	B	p	L_l	U_l
Quality of life	Intersection	2.357	0.000	1.483	3.231
	BADL	0.000	0.943	–0.009	0.009
	IADL	0.049	0.078	–0.006	0.104
	Family function	0.053	0.046	0.001	0.105
	Social support	0.009	0.204	–0.005	0.023
Health satisfaction	Intersection	1.893	0.000	0.902	2.883
	BADL	0.002	0.637	–0.008	0.013
	IADL	0.102	0.001	0.040	0.164
	Family function	–0.017	0.563	–0.076	0.042
	Social support	0.018	0.027	0.002	0.033
Physical	Intersection	–3.285	0.674	–18.667	12.097
	BADL	0.402	0.000	0.242	0.563
	IADL	1.265	0.010	0.301	2.229
	Family function	0.031	0.947	–0.882	0.943
	Social support	0.436	0.000	0.194	0.678
Psychological	Intersection	21.369	0.001	8.722	34.016
	BADL	0.153	0.023	0.021	0.285
	IADL	1.826	0.000	1.033	2.618
	Family function	0.506	0.185	–0.244	1.257
	Social support	0.390	0.000	0.191	0.589
Social	Intersection	–9.697	0.310	–28.492	9.099
	BADL	0.228	0.023	0.032	0.424
	IADL	0.600	0.316	–0.577	1.778
	Family function	–0.289	0.609	–1.405	0.826
	Social support	1.194	0.000	0.898	1.489
Environmental	Intersection	17.609	0.013	3.801	31.417
	BADL	0.075	0.307	–0.069	0.219
	IADL	0.954	0.031	0.089	1.819
	Family function	0.653	0.118	–0.166	1.473
	Social support	0.468	0.000	0.251	0.685

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[1] Corresponding author: Tirso Duran-Badillo Av. Del Maestro y Marte S/N Col Alianza, H. Matamoros 87410, Tamaulipas, México tduran@docentes.uat.edu.mx