Spatial analysis of female intentional homicides

Barros, Sheyla Carvalho de; Oliveira, Conceição Maria de; Silva, Amanda Priscila de Santana Cabral; Melo, Marcella Fernandes de Oliveira; Pimentel, Dayane da Rocha; Bonfim, Cristine Vieira do

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 55 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2020037303770 copy

Spatial analysis of female intentional homicides^* * Extracted from the dissertation “Homicídios e violência prévia contra mulher em Pernambuco”, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2019.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To analyze the characteristics and spatial distribution of female intentional homicides, according to the regional health offices, in a state in the Northeast Region of Brazil.

Method

This is an ecological study that had the municipality and regional health offices as units of analysis and used data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System. Mortality rates were calculated and smoothed by the local empirical Bayesian method. To identify the existence of spatial autocorrelation, the Moran’s index was used.

Results

A total of 1,144 homicides were reported, with an average rate of 6.2/100,000 women. For all regional health offices, the 10-39 age group, black race/skin color, and single marital status prevailed. The homicides took place in public spaces. The days of the week with the highest records were Saturday and Sunday and the months of the year December, January, February, and June. The global Moran’s index was 0.6 (p = 0.01). Clusters of municipalities with high homicide rates were identified in regional health offices III and IV.

Conclusions

The homicide victims were young, black, and single. The spatial analysis found critical areas of homicide occurrence, which are a priority for actions to prevent violence against women.

Homicide; Violence Against Women; Information Systems; Vital Statistics; Spatial Analysis

Regional Health Office	I		II		III		IV		V		VI		VII		VIII		IX		X		XI		XII		PE
Regional Health Office	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age range
10 to 39	394	78.3	45	71.4	70	83.3	132	72.5	45	70.3	36	61.0	4	57.1	38	74.5	32	76.2	14	82.4	22	84.6	34	73.9	866	75.7
40 and older	109	21.7	18	28.6	14	16.7	50	27.5	19	29.7	23	39.0	3	42.9	13	25.5	10	23.8	3	17.6	4	15.4	12	26.1	278	24.3
Race/skin color
Not black	69	13.9	9	14.8	10	12.2	20	11.0	5	8.2	5	8.5	-	-	4	8.0	4	9.8	3	17.6	1	3.8	4	8.9	134	11.9
Black	427	86.1	52	85.2	72	87.8	162	89.0	56	91.8	54	91.5	7	100.0	46	92.0	37	90.2	14	82.4	25	96.2	41	91.1	994	88.1
Marital status
Single	417	90.3	50	80.6	65	85.5	108	78.3	32	74.4	27	67.5	6	85.7	38	76.0	29	74.4	8	61.5	14	66.7	37	86.0	832	82.1
Married/common-law marriage	45	9.7	10	16.1	6	7.9	20	14.5	10	23.3	10	25.0	1	14.3	10	20.0	6	15.4	1	7.7	4	19.0	2	4.7	125	12.3
Widow	-	-	1	1.6	3	3.9	7	5.1	1	2.3	2	5.0	-	-	-	-	2	5.1	-	-	2	9.5	2	4.7	31	3.1
Divorced	-	-	1	1.6	2	2.6	3	2.2	-	-	1	2.5	-	-	2	4.0	2	5.1	4	30.8	1	4.8	2	4.7	26	2.6
Place of occurrence
Hospital/Health Service	94	22.1	8	12.9	19	22.6	25	13.8	6	9.4	11	19.0	-	-	8	15.7	6	14.3	4	23.5	2	7.7	9	20.0	266	23.4
Residence	77	18.1	21	33.9	17	20.2	55	30.4	28	43.8	28	48.3	1	14.3	18	35.3	11	26.2	10	58.8	10	38.5	10	22.2	287	25.2
Public space	225	52.8	28	45.2	37	44.0	87	48.1	24	37.5	12	20.7	1	14.3	11	21.6	6	14.3	1	5.9	11	42.3	21	46.7	464	40.8
Others	30	7.0	5	8.1	11	13.1	14	7.7	6	9.4	7	12.1	5	71.4	14	27.5	19	45.2	2	11.8	3	11.5	5	11.1	121	10.6
Month of occurrence
January	46	9.1	3	4.8	9	10.7	10	5.5	5	7.8	7	11.9	1	14.3	6	11.8	5	11.9	4	23.5	2	7.7	3	6.5	101	8.8
February	43	8.5	5	7.9	8	9.5	14	7.7	9	14.1	5	8.5	-	-	5	9.8	3	7.1	-	0	1	3.8	8	17.4	101	8.8
March	41	8.2	10	15.9	7	8.3	13	7.1	7	10.9	2	3.4	-	-	3	5.9	4	9.5	3	17.6	3	11.5	7	15.2	100	8.7
April	53	10.5	2	3.2	4	4.8	10	5.5	8	12.5	6	10.2	1	14.3	2	3.9	3	7.1	-	0	1	3.8	5	10.9	95	8.3
May	39	7.8	5	7.9	8	9.5	14	7.7	4	6.2	7	11.9	-	-	4	7.8	4	9.5	1	5.9	4	15.4	4	8.7	94	8.2
June	51	10.1	6	9.5	9	10.7	17	9.3	3	4.7	4	6.8	1	14.3	4	7.8	3	7.1	2	11.8	-	0	1	2.2	101	8.8
July	37	7.4	5	7.9	6	7.1	16	8.8	1	1.6	2	3.4	-	-	4	7.8	3	7.1	1	5.9	2	7.7	4	8.7	81	7.1
August	43	8.5	9	14.3	7	8.3	9	4.9	8	12.5	4	6.8	-	-	6	11.8	1	2.4	1	5.9	1	3.8	1	2.2	90	7.9
September	31	6.2	3	4.8	4	4.8	21	11.5	2	3.1	8	13.6	1	14.3	7	13.7	5	11.9	3	17.6	2	7.7	5	10.9	92	8.0
October	40	8.0	2	3.2	5	6.0	21	11.5	6	9.4	7	11.9	-	-	2	3.9	2	4.8	-	0	2	7.7	4	8.7	91	8.0
November	39	7.8	5	7.9	7	8.3	12	6.6	7	10.9	2	3.4	3	42.9	2	3.9	5	11.9	2	11.8	6	23.1	4	8.7	94	8.2
December	40	8.0	8	12.7	10	11.9	25	13.7	4	6.2	5	8.5	-	-	6	11.8	4	9.5	-	0	2	7.7	-	0	104	9.1
Day of the week
Monday	78	15.5	10	15.9	12	14.3	33	18.1	7	10.9	10	16.9	-	-	7	13.7	5	11.9	4	23.5	4	15.4	5	10.9	175	15.3
Tuesday	56	11.1	17	27.0	4	4.8	28	15.4	9	14.1	10	16.9	1	14.3	3	5.9	5	11.9	1	5.9	5	19.2	4	8.7	143	12.5
Wednesday	65	12.9	9	14.3	9	10.7	17	9.3	8	12.5	6	10.2	0	0	6	11.8	8	19	2	11.8	5	19.2	8	17.4	143	12.5
Thursday	52	10.4	6	9.5	9	10.7	23	12.6	9	14.1	5	8.5	0	0	2	3.9	1	2.4	1	5.9	1	3.8	7	15.2	116	10.1
Friday	72	14.3	6	9.5	11	13.1	27	14.8	8	12.5	10	16.9	1	14.3	6	11.8	7	16.7	1	5.9	2	7.7	8	17.4	159	13.9
Saturday	88	17.5	6	9.5	18	21.4	27	14.8	11	17.2	5	8.5	2	28.6	15	29.4	3	7.1	4	23.5	5	19.2	4	8.7	188	16.4
Sunday	92	18.3	9	14.3	21	25.0	27	14.8	12	18.8	13	22	3	42.9	12	23.5	13	31	4	23.5	4	15.4	10	21.7	220	19.2

Regional Health Office	I		II		III		IV		V		VI		VII		VIII		IX		X		XI		XII		PE
Regional Health Office	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	N	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Basic cause of death
Firearm firing	332	66.0	33	52.4	55	65.5	101	55.5	25	39.1	25	42.4	3	42.9	17	33.3	15	35.7	7	41.2	15	57.7	25	54.3	654	57.2
Sharp or penetrating object	98	19.5	22	34.9	20	23.8	51	28.0	22	34.4	22	37.3	4	57.1	22	43.1	17	40.5	7	41.2	6	23.1	16	34.8	307	26.8
Blunt object	50	9.9	4	6.3	6	7.1	21	11.5	8	12.5	9	15.3	-	-	8	15.7	8	19.0	2	11.8	4	15.4	3	6.5	123	10.8
Hanging, strangulation, suffocation	20	4.0	3	4.8	3	3.6	5	2.7	6	9.4	2	3.4	-	-	3	5.9	-	-	1	5.9	-	-	2	4.3	45	3.9
Other means	3	0.6	1	1.6	0	0.0	4	2.2	3	4.7	1	1.7	-	-	1	2.0	2	4.8	-	-	1	3.8	-	-	15	1.3

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Sheyla Carvalho de Barros Rua Ares, 41A, Tejipió CEP 50920-610 – Recife, PE, Brazil sheyla.barross@gmail.com

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Spatial analysis of female intentional homicides* * Extracted from the dissertation “Homicídios e violência prévia contra mulher em Pernambuco”, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2019.

ABSTRACT

Objective

Method

Results

Conclusions

Spatial analysis of female intentional homicides^* * Extracted from the dissertation “Homicídios e violência prévia contra mulher em Pernambuco”, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2019.