Reproductive aspects and knowledge of family planning among women with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Lima, Ivana Cristina Vieira de; Cunha, Maria da Conceição dos Santos Oliveira; Cunha, Gilmara Holanda da; Galvão, Marli Teresinha Gimeniz

doi:10.1590/S1980-220X2016039403224

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Original Article • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 51 • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2016039403224 copy

Reproductive aspects and knowledge of family planning among women with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the reproductive aspects and knowledge of family planning among women with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

METHOD

Cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out from January to December, 2015, in the outpatient care of infectious disease unit in a hospital located in Fortaleza, Ceará. Data were collected through a form applied by interview in a private setting.

RESULTS

102 women participated in the study. Most were aware that they were serologically positive with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during prenatal care (96.1%) and did not intend to have more children (63.7%). Women who were less than 39 years of age, had a higher educational level, and a shorter time of antiretroviral therapy had better chances of having children (p≤0.05). Having a steady partner increased the chance of desiring to have children, while tubal ligation was higher among women that did not receive counseling on family planning. Knowledge of family planning was limited because of lack of assistance provided by health professionals.

Descriptors
HIV; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Reproduction; Contraception; Family Planning

Socio-demographic and clinical variables	N (%)
Age (in years)
<39	58 (56.9)
≥40	44 (43.1)
Education (in years)
<9	41 (40.2)
≥10	52 (59.8)
Marital status
Married	69 (67.6)
Single/divorced/separated/widowed	33 (32.4)
Religion
Catholic	68 (66.7)
Other (Evangelical/Spiritism/without religion)	34 (33.3)
Occupational status
Employed	53 (52.0)
Unemployed/retired	49 (48.0)
Monthly household income (in minimum wages)^*
≤2	82 (80.4)
>2	20 (19.6)
Diagnostic time of positive anti-HIV serology (in months)
<36	18 (17.6)
≥37	84 (82.4)
Time of antiretroviral therapy use (in years)
<5	64 (57.1)
≥6	38 (42.9)

Reproductive background and use of contraceptive methods	N (%)
Detection of positive anti-HIV serology during prenatal
Yes	98 (96.1)
No	4 (3.9)
Women wishing to have child
Yes	37 (36.3)
No	65 (63.7)
Have children
Yes	86 (84.3)
No	16 (15.7)
Number of children
0	16 (15.7)
1	35 (34.3)
2	18 (17.6)
≥3	33 (32.4)
Children with positive anti-HIV serology
Yes	1 (1.0)
No	96 (99.0)
Steady sexual partner ^* * Those with an affective-sexual relationship for at least three months.
Yes	72 (75.0)
No	14 (25.0)
Partner knows serological status of the woman
Yes	75 (73.5)
No	24 (23.5)
Use of male condom
Yes	60 (58.8)
No	42 (41.2)
Tubal ligation
Yes	20 (19.6)
No	82 (80.4)
Oral contraceptive
Yes	24 (23.5)
No	78 (76.5)

Knowledge of family planning	N (%)
Did receive counseling on family planning while living with HIV?
Yes	34 (33.3)
No	68 (66.7)
Those with HIV can have children?
Yes	80 (78.4)
No	22 (21.6)
Knows the forms of prevention against HIV vertical transmission?
Yes	45 (44.1)
No	57 (55.9)
Can women with HIV and serodiscordant ^* * Serodiscordant: partner with negative anti-HIV serology; partners have children?
Yes	49 (48.0)
No	53 (52.0)
Can women with HIV and seroconcordant ^† † Seroconcordant: partner with positive anti-HIV serology partners have children?
Yes	55 (53.9)
No	48 (46.1)

Variables	Desire to have children		p	OR^† † odds ratio; , CI^‡ ‡ Confidence interval	Counseling on family planning while living with HIV		p	OR^† † odds ratio; , CI^‡ ‡ Confidence interval
Variables	Yes(n)	No(n)	p	OR^† † odds ratio; , CI^‡ ‡ Confidence interval	Yes(n)	No(n)
Number of children					Yes(n)	No(n)
0	9	7	0.01 ^* * p<0.05;	1.0	7	9	0.08	-
1	16	19		1.50(0.4-5.2)	16	19		-
2	7	11		1.97(0.5- 8.3)	3	15		-
≥3	5	28		6.75(1.7- 29.6)	8	25
Steady sexual partner					8	25
Yes	31	41	0.04^* * p<0.05;	1.0	25	47	0.89	-
No	6	24		2.94(1.1- 8.9)	4	10
Tubal ligation					4	10
Yes	2	18	0.01^* * p<0.05;	1.0	32	50	0.03^* * p<0.05;	1.0
No	35	47		0.16(0.0-0.6)	2	18		5.35(1.4-38.4)

Variables	Have Children		p	OR ^† † odds ratio; ,CI ^‡ ‡ Confidence interval	Desire to have children		p	OR ^† † odds ratio; , CI^‡ ‡ Confidence interval	Those with HIV can have children?		p	OR ^† † odds ratio; /CI^‡ ‡ Confidence interval	Can seroconcordant couple have children?		p	OR ^† † odds ratio; ,CI^‡ ‡ Confidence interval
Variables	Yes(n)	No(n)	p	OR ^† † odds ratio; ,CI ^‡ ‡ Confidence interval	Yes(n)	No(n)	p	OR ^† † odds ratio; , CI^‡ ‡ Confidence interval	Yes(n)	No(n)	p	OR ^† † odds ratio; /CI^‡ ‡ Confidence interval	Yes(n)	No(n)	p	OR ^† † odds ratio; ,CI^‡ ‡ Confidence interval
Age
≤39	53	5	0.05^* * p<0.05;	1.0	24	34	0.30	-	47	11	0.62	-	30	28	0.76	-
≥40	33	11		3.44 (1.1-12.0)	13	31		-	33	11		-	25	19		-
Educational level (years)
≤9	39	2	0.03^* * p<0.05;	1.0	11	30	0.16	-	26	15	0.01^* * p<0.05;	1.0	14	27	0.002 ^* * p<0.05;	1.0
≥10	47	14		5.40 (1.4-39.2)	26	35		-	48	6		0.22 (0.1-0.6)	41	20		0.26 (0.1-0.6)
Monthly household income (in minimum wages)
≤2	69	13	>0.99	-	30	52		>0.99	-	62	20	0.27	0.32 (0.0-2.3)	43	39	0.72	-
>2	17	3		-	7	13		-	18	2		-	12	8		-
ART time of use (years)
≤5	3	4	0.01 ^* * p<0.05;	1.0	1	6	0.40	-	6	1	0.99	-	6	1	0.17	-
≥6	83	12		0.11 (0.0-0.6)	36	59		-	74	21		-	49	46		-

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author
Ivana Cristina Vieira de Lima. Rua Tipógrafo Sales, 992 - Parquelândia. CEP 60455-500 - Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. doutorandaivana@gmail.com