Maternal perception of their child's nutritional status at less than three years old

Duarte, Luciane Simões; Fujimori, Elizabeth; Toriyama, Áurea Tamami Minagawa; Palombo, Claudia Nery Teixeira; Miranda, Patrícia Pereira Lima; Borges, Ana Luiza Vilela

doi:10.1590/S0080-623420160000600009

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Sumário

Artigo Original • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 50 (05) • Sep-Oct 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420160000600009 copy

Maternal perception of their child's nutritional status at less than three years old^{^} Extracted from the master's dissertation entitled "Percepção materna do estado nutricional do filho: estudo transversal em unidades básicas de saúde", apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 2014.

Percepción materna del estado nutricional de sus hijos menores de tres años

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Assessing maternal perception of their children's nutritional status and identifying associated factors.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study conducted in a small municipality with 342 children less than 3 years of age treated in Basic Health Units of São Paulo. Nutritional status was classified in percentiles of body mass index for age and maternal perception was assessed using the scale of verbal descriptors (very thin, thin, healthy weight, fat, very fat). Logistic regression was used to identify the associatedfactors.

RESULTS

44.7% of maternal perception was found to beinadequate. Mothers of overweight (OR = 11.8, 95% CI: 6.4-21.7) and underweight (OR = 5.5; 95% CI: 1.9-16.2) children had a higher chance of having inadequate perception, similar to mothers of children over 24 months of age (OR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.4-6.0).

CONCLUSION

For effective child care in primary care, healthcare professionals should consider maternal perception and helpmothers to identify the nutritional status of children in childcare consultations and growth monitoring.

Descriptors
Child; Nutritional Status; Obesity; Mothers; Perception; Public Health Nursing

Characteristics	n	%
Children
Age (months): mean (SD)	12.0(9.6)
< 12	202	59.1
12 to 24	88	25.7
≥ 24	52	15.2
Gender
Male	188	55.0
Female	154	45.0
Birth weight (grams)
< 2500	41	12.0
≥ 2500	301	88.0
Childcare consultations^* * Information were not obtained for the whole sample.
Yes	298	91.7
No	27	8.3
Healthcare professionals informed the nutritional status of the child^* * Information were not obtained for the whole sample.
Yes	272	89.5
No	32	10.5
Nutritional status
Severely thin	4	1.2
Thin	13	3.8
Healthy weight	226	66.1
Risk of overweight	72	21.0
Overweight	18	5.3
Obese	9	2.6
Mothers ^* * Information were not obtained for the whole sample.
Age (years): mean (SD)	27.0 (6.7)
Education level (years of schooling): mean (SD)	10.0 (3.2)
Nutritional status
Eutrophic	146	43.2
Underweight	9	2.7
Overweight	103	30.5
Obese	80	23.6

Maternal perception ^* * Chi-square test between adequate and inadequate maternal perception: p <0.01.	Nutritional status of the child								Total
	Severely thin/Thin		Healthy weight		Risk of overweight		Overweight/ Obese		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Total	17	100.0	226	100.0	72	100.0	27	100.0	342	100.0
Adequate	6	35.3	163	72.1	16	22.2	41	14.8	189	55.3
Inadequate	11	64.7	63	27.9	56	77.8	23	85.2	153	44.7
Underestimated	1	5.9	37	16.4	56	77.8	23	85.2	117	34.2
Overestimated	10	58.8	26	11.5	-	-	-	-	36	10.5

Characteristics	Inadequate maternal perception n= 153		Univariate		Multiple^* * Model adjusted for maternal education level
Characteristics	n	%	OR_gross	CI_95%	OR_adjusted	CI_95%
Children
Age (months)
< 12	73	36.1	1.0	-	1.0	-
12 to 24	51	58.0	2.4	1.5-4.1^† † p<0.20.	2.4	1.3-4.5^‡ ‡ p<0.05.
≥ 24	29	55.8	2.2	1.2-4.1^† † p<0.20.	2.9	1.4-6.0^‡ ‡ p<0.05.
Gender
Male	75	39.9	1.0	-	1.0	-
Female	78	50.7	1.5	1.0-2.4^† † p<0.20.	1.7	1.0-2.9^‡ ‡ p<0.05.
Birth weight (grams)
< 2500	23	56.1	1.0	-	1.0	-
≥ 2500	130	43.2	0.6	0.3-1.1^† † p<0.20.	0.7	0.3-1.5
Childcare consultations					-	-
Yes	134	45.0	1.1	0.3-1.7	-	-
No	14	51.8	1.0	-	-	-
Professional reports on the nutritional status of the child
Yes	126	46.3	1.4	0.7-3.0	-	-
No	12	37.5	1.0	-	-	-
Nutritional status
Healthy weight	63	27.9	1.0	-	1.0	-
Underweight^§ § Severely thin and thin.	11	64.7	4.7	1.7-13.4^† † p<0.20.	5.5	1.9-16.2^‡ ‡ p<0.05.
Overweight^ǁǁ ǁǁ Risk of overweight, overweight and obese.	79	79.8	10.2	5.8-18.1^† † p<0.20.	11.8	6.4-21.7^‡ ‡ p<0.05.
Mothers
Age (years)
< 20	20	48.8	1.0	-	-	-
20 to 25	37	42.1	0.8	0.4-1.6	-	-
≥ 25	92	46.0	0.9	0.5-1.7	-	-
Education level (years of schooling)
≤ 8	51	44.4	1.0	-	-	-
> 8	102	45.5	1.0	0.7-1.6	-	-
Nutritional status
Eutrophic + underweight	66	42.6	1.0	-	-	-
Overweight	44	42.7	1.0	0.6-1.7	-	-
Obese	42	52.5	1.5	0.9-2.6	-	-

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Luciane Simões Duarte. Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 -Cerqueira César. CEP 05403-000 - São Paulo, SP, Brazil. lucianeduarte@usp.br