This paper presents the field description and genetic consideration of weathering fabrics observed in the Nova Iguaçu felsic alkaline rocks, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with special attention to trachytic clasts of volcanic breccia. Two types of notable fabrics are observed: "case hardening", the rock surface induration by cementation of weathered minerals with the help of the hydroxides dissolved in the surface water; and "mineral dissociation", the selective mineral weathering and consequent formation of cavities on the rock surface. On the weathered outcrops of the breccia, case hardening forms centimetric positive relief on the trachytic clasts of the matrix surface. Clasts larger than 30 cm show positive and negative reliefs along the rim, which are originated from the contrast between the hardened surface and relatively soft subsurface. They have a gentle central prominence underlain by a fresh rock core. The elimination of alkaline feldspar phenocrysts forms numerous cavities on the weathered surface of the trachyte clasts, generating a pseudovesicular structure, but in the subsurface, less weathered massive rock can be found. This fact demonstrates that these clasts are not bomb, spatter or scoria. These observations are unfavourable to the hypothesis that the Nova Iguaçu complex is a volcano, which is based on the extrusive origin of the clasts as a fundamental argument.
Case hardening; mineral dissociation; pseudovesicular; breccia; clast; trachyte; Nova Iguaçu
