Epidemiology of human rabies in the state of Ceará, Brazil, 1970 to 2019^*

Abstract

Objective

To describe cases of human rabies in Ceará State, Brazil between 1970 and 2019.

Methods

This was a descriptive study using secondary data from the Ceará State Department of Health and the state reference hospital.

Results

Of 171 cases, 75.7% occurred in males, 60.0% in <19-year-olds, and 56.0% in urban areas. Rabies was transmitted by dogs in 74.0% of cases, marmosets in 16.7% and bats in 7.3%. Between 1970 and 1978, there was an increase of cases (using the Joinpoint Regression Program, annual percentage change [APC] = 13.7 - 95%CI 4.6;41.5), while between 1978 and 2019 there was a decrease (APC = -6.7 - 95%CI -8.8;-5.9). There was a reduction in transmission by dogs (71 cases, last case in 2010) and an increase by sylvatic animals (5 cases since 2005).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates changes in rabies transmission dynamics during the period studied, with a reduction in transmission by dogs and an increase of transmission by sylvatic animals.

Keywords:
Zoonoses; Rabies; Epidemiological Monitoring; Public Health; Epidemiology Descriptive