Prevalence of food intake among individuals with hypertension and diabetes in the municipality of Nova Boa Vista, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2013*

Destri, Kelli; Zanini, Roberta de Vargas; Assunção, Maria Cecília Formoso

doi:10.5123/S1679-49742017000400016

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 26 (4) • Oct-Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742017000400016 copy

Prevalence of food intake among individuals with hypertension and diabetes in the municipality of Nova Boa Vista, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2013^* * Manuscript based on the Professional Masters’ thesis by Kelli Destri, entitled ‘Markers of Dietary Intake of Hypertensive and Diabetics in Nova Boa Vista-RS’, defended and approved by the Post-graduation Program in Public Health Based on Evidence from the Federal University of Pelotas, in 2014.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

to describe the food intake among individuals with high blood pressure and diabetes in a municipality in the south of Brazil.

METHODS:

a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Nova Boa Vista-RS, Brazil, from June to September 2013; food intake was collected from the questionnaire of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) and from an adaptation based on the 2008 Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population.

RESULTS:

422 individuals were included in the study (≥18 years old); the food that presented the highest recommended intake frequencies were raw salad (60.7%), fruits (73.0%), dairy products (61.4%), fried food (57.3%), snacks (66.4%) and soft drinks (76.3%); processed meat and sweets presented the highest non-recommended intake frequencies, with 34.8 and 23.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

food intake among the population studied seems to be in accordance to the recommended frequencies, especially among women.

Keywords:
Food consumption; Hypertension; Diabetes Mellitus; Chronic Diseases; Epidemiology, Descriptive

Demographic characteristics and morbidity for hypertension and diabetes mellitus	n	%
Sex
Male	167	39.6
Female	255	60.4
Skin color
White	414	98.1
Black + Brown	08	1.9
Age (in years)
20-59	149	35.3
≥60	273	64.7
Education level (complete years of schooling)
0-4	206	49.3
5-8	175	41.9
≥ 9	37	8.8
Family income (in minimum wages)
≤1.0	13	3.1
1.1-3.0	191	45.3
3.1-6.0	130	30.8
6.1-10.0	54	12.8
>10.0	34	8.0
Residence area
Urban	102	24.2
Rural	320	75.8
Morbidity present
Only hypertension	359	85.1
Only diabetes mellitus	12	2.8
Hypertension + diabetes mellitus	51	12.1

Markers	None	1x	2x	3x	4x	5x	6x	7x
Markers	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Raw salad	7.3	2.8	5.0	10.0	5.9	4.3	4.0	60.7
Cooked vegetables	16.6	12.8	19.4	17.3	8.3	4.5	4.0	17.5
Fruits	3.3	4.5	2.8	5.9	3.1	4.0	3.3	73.0
Beans	9.2	6.4	15.4	16.8	11.4	24.4	11.4	5.0
Dairy products	27.0	1.0	2.6	2.1	1.2	1.2	3.5	61.4
Fried food	30.3	27.0	19.2	11.4	5.7	1.4	0.5	4.5
Processed meat	19.2	9.9	9.7	9.5	6.6	4.7	5.6	34.8
Salty snacks	56.2	10.2	12.1	7.8	2.8	1.2	0.9	8.8
Sweets	21.6	16.6	14.0	10.9	5.4	3.8	3.8	23.9
Soft drink	46.4	29.9	14.0	5.7	1.7	0.9	0.2	1.2

Markers	0x	1x	2x	3x	4x	5x	6x	7x
Markers	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Raw salad	7.4	2.8	5.0	10.0	5.9	4.3	4.0	60.7
Only hypertension	6.7	2.8	5.0	10.9	5.3	4.2	4.2	61.0
Only diabetes mellitus	8.3	8.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	8.3	0.0	75.0
Hypertension + diabetes mellitus	11.8	2.0	5.9	5.9	11.8	3.9	3.9	54.9
Cooked vegetables	16.6	12.8	19.4	17.3	8.3	4.5	3.6	17.5
Only hypertension	17.0	12.8	19.8	16.4	8.6	4.2	3.1	18.1
Only diabetes mellitus	16.7	8.3	33.3	16.7	0.0	0.0	8.3	16.7
Hypertension + diabetes mellitus	13.7	13.7	13.7	23.5	7.8	7.8	5.9	13.7
Fruits	3.3	4.5	2.8	5.9	3.1	4.0	3.3	73.0
Only hypertension	2.8	4.2	2.8	6.1	3.6	4.2	3.1	73.3
Only diabetes mellitus	16.7	8.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75.0
Hypertension + diabetes mellitus	3.9	5.9	3.9	5.9	0.0	3.9	5.9	70.6
Beans	9.2	6.4	15.4	16.8	11.4	24.4	11.4	5.0
Only hypertension	8.9	6.1	16.4	17.0	12.0	24.5	11.1	3.9
Only diabetes mellitus	16.7	0.0	16.7	8.3	0.0	50.0	0.0	8.3
Hypertension + diabetes mellitus	9.8	9.8	7.8	17.7	9.8	17.7	15.7	11.8
Dairy products	27.0	1.0	2.6	2.1	1.2	1.2	3.6	61.4
Only hypertension	27.6	1.1	2.5	2.0	0.8	1.1	3.1	61.8
Only diabetes mellitus	25.0	0.0	0.0	8.3	8.3	0.0	0.0	58.3
Hypertension + diabetes mellitus	23.5	0.0	3.9	2.0	2.0	2.0	7.8	58.8
Fried food	30.3	27.0	19.2	11.4	5.7	1.4	0.5	4.5
Only hypertension	30.6	25.4	19.8	11.1	6.1	1.7	0.6	4.7
Only diabetes mellitus	25.0	33.3	16.7	8.3	8.3	0.0	0.0	8.3
Hypertension + diabetes mellitus	29.4	37.3	15.7	13.7	2.0	0.0	0.0	2.0
Processed meat	19.2	10.0	9.7	9.5	6.6	4.7	5.5	34.8
Only hypertension	19.2	9.8	9.2	9.8	6.1	3.6	5.0	37.3
Only diabetes mellitus	16.7	0.0	8.3	16.7	16.7	16.7	0.0	25.0
Hypertension + diabetes mellitus	19.6	13.7	13.7	5.9	7.8	9.8	9.8	19.6
Salty snacks	56.2	10.2	12.1	7.8	2.8	1.2	1.0	8.8
Only hypertension	57.9	9.5	12.0	7.2	3.1	1.1	1.1	8.1
Only diabetes mellitus	41.7	8.3	25.0	8.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	16.7
Hypertension + diabetes mellitus	47.1	15.7	9.8	11.8	2.0	2.0	0.0	11.8

Variables	Raw salad^a	Cooked vegetables ^a	Fruits^a	Beans^b	Dairy products^a
Variables	P (95%CI)	P (95%CI)	P (95%CI)	P (95%CI)	P (95%CI)
Sex
Male	58.7 (51.2;66.2)	18.0 (12.1;23.8)	65.3 (58.0;72.5) ^c	43.1 (35.6;50.7)	55.7(48.1;63.3)
Female	62.0 (56.0;67.9)	17.3 (12.6;21.9)	78.0 (72.9;83.1)	39.2 (33.2;45.2)	65.1 (59.2;71.0)
Age (in years)
20-59	57.0 (49.0;65.0)	17.4 (11.3;23.6)	77.9 (71.1;84.6)	38.3 (30.4;46.1)	59.1 (51.1;67.0)
≥60	62.6 (56.9:68.4)	17.6 (13.0;22.1)	70.3 (64.9;75.8)	42.1 (36.2;48.0)	62.6 (56.9;68.4)
Education level (in complete years of schooling)
0-4	59.7 (53.0;66.4)	17.5 (12.3;22.7)	73.3 (67.2;79.4)	44.7 (37.8;51.5)	60.2 (53.5;66.9)
5-8	60.6 (53.3;67.9)	16.0 (10.5;21.5)	73.7 (67.2;80.3)	37.1 (29.9;44.3)	62.3 (55.1;69.5)
≥9	67.6 (52.2;82.9)	27.0 (12.5;41.6)	70.3 (55.3;85.2)	40.5 (24.5;56.6)	62.2 (46.3;78.1)
Marital status
With partner	58.9 (50.1;67.6)	18.5 (11.7;25.4)	73.4 (65.6;81.2)	33.9 (25.5;42.3)	58.9 (50.1;67.6)
Without partner	61.4 (55.9;67.0)	17.1 (12.8;21.4)	72.8 (67.7;77.9)	43.6 (38.0;49.3)	62.4 (56.9;67.9)
Residence area
Urban	56.9 (47.2;66.5)	12.7 (6.2;19.3)	53.9 (44.2;63.7) ^d	43.1 (33.5;52.8)	56.9 (47.2;66.5)
Rural	61.9 (56.5;67.2)	19.1 (14.7;23.4)	79.1 (74.6;83.5)	40.0 (34.6;45.4)	62.8 (57.5;68.1)
Family income (in minimum wages)
≤3.0	56.9 (50.0;63.7)	18.6 (13.3;24.0)	64.2 (57.6;70.8) ^d	44.1 (37.3;51.0)	59.8 (53.0;66.6)
3.1-6.0	67.7 (59.6;75.8)	18.5 (11.7;25.2)	82.3 (75.7;88.9)	39.2 (30.8;47.7)	60.0 (51.5;68.5)
>6.0	59.1 (48.7-69.5)	13.6 (6.4;20.9)	79.5 (71.0;88.0)	35.2 (25.2;45.3)	67.0 (57.1;77.0)
Self-perception of health
Excellent-Good	65.7 (59.3;72.1) ^c	19.2 (13.9;24.6)	77.0 (71.3;82.7)	39.9 (33.3;46.5)	59.2 (52.5;65.8)
Regular-Bad	55.5 (48.7;62.3)	15.8 (10.8;20.8)	68.9 (62.6;75.2)	41.6 (34.9;48.3)	63.6 (57.1;70.2)
Morbidity present
Only hypertension	61.0 (55.9.66.1)	18.1 (14.1;22.1)	73.3 (68.7;77.9)	39.6 (34.5;44.6)	61.8 (56.8;66.9)
Only diabetes mellitus	75.0 (49.3-*)	16.7 (0.0;38.8)	75.0 (49.3-*)	58.3 (29.1;87.6)	58.3 (29.1;87.6)
Hypertension + diabetes mellitus	54.9 (41.1;68.7)	13.7 (4.2;23.3)	70.6 (57.9;83.3)	45.1 (31.3;58.9)	58.8 (45.1;72.5)
Length of time with hypertension (in years)
<10	68.2 (61.2;75.3) ^c	17.6 (11.9;23.4)	74.7 (68.1;81.3)	39.4 (32.0;46.8)	57.6 (50.2;65.1)
≥10	54.7 (48.1;61.3)	18.4 (23.3;23.5)	72.2 (66.3;78.1)	41.3 (34.8;47.8)	64.1 (57.8;70.5)
Length of time with diabetes *mellitus* (in years)
< 8	57.7 (37.9;77.5)	11.5 (0.0;24.3)	73.1 (55.3;90.8)	46.2 (26.2;66.1)	61.0 (42.1;81.0)
≥ 8	58.8 (41.7;76.0)	17.6 (4.4;30.9)	73.5 (58.2;88.9)	52.9 (35.6;70.3)	58.8 (41.7;76.0)
Recommendation
No	56.9 (48.4;65.5)	16.9 (10.4;23.4)	65.4 (57.2;73.6) ^c	38.5 (30.0;46.9)	58.5 (49.9;67.0)
Yes	62.3 (56.7;67.9)	17.8 (13.4;22.2)	76.4 (71.5;81.3)	41.8 (36.1;47.5)	62.7 (57.1;68.2)

Variables	Fried food^a	Processed meat^a	Salty snacks^a	Sweets^a	Soft drink^a
Variables	P (IC_95% )	P (IC_95% )	P (IC_95% )	P (IC_95% )	P (IC_95% )
Sex
Male	49.7 (42.1;57.3) ^b	17.4 (11.6;23.1) ^c	72.5 (65.6;79.3) ^b	42.5 (35.0;50.1)	70.7 (63.7;77.6) ^b
Female	62.4 (56.4;68.3)	36.9 (30.9;42.8)	62.4 (56.4;68.3)	35.3 (29.4;41.2)	80.0 (75.1;84.9)
Age (in years)
20-59	57.0 (49.0;65.0)	29.5 (22.2;36.9)	65.1 (57.4;72.8)	41.6 (33.6;49.6)	73.2 (66.0;80.3)
≥60	57.5 (51.6;63.4)	28.9 (23.5;34.3)	67.0 (61.4;72.6)	36.3 (30.5;42.0)	78.0 (73.1;83.0)
Education level (in complete years of schooling)
0-4	56.8 (50.0;63.6)	30.1 (23.8;36.4)	68.9 (62.6;75.3)	37.9 (31.2;44.5)	77.2 (71.4;82.9)
5-8	55.4 (48.0;62.8)	28.0 (21.3;34.7)	62.9 (55.7;70.1)	37.1 (29.9;44.3)	74.9 (68.4;81.3)
≥9	67.6 (52.2;82.9)	29.7 (14.8;44.7)	67.6 (52.2;82.9)	40.5 (24.5;56.6)	78.4 (64.9;91.9)
Marital status
With partner	58.1 (49.3;66.8)	32.3 (24.0;40.5)	57.3 (48.5;66.0) ^b	33.1 (24.7;41.4)	73.4 (65.6;81.2)
Without partner	57.0 (51.4;62.7)	27.9 (22.7;33.0)	70.1 (64.9;75.4)	40.3 (34.7;45.9)	77.5 (72.8;82.3)
Residence area
Urban	68.6 (59.6;77.7) ^c	36.3 (26.9;45.7)	74.5 (66.0;83.0) ^b	49.0 (39.2;58.8) ^b	79.4 (71.5;87.3)
Rural	53.8 (48.3;59.2)	26.9 (22.0;31.8)	63.8 (58.5;69.0)	34.7 (29.4;39.9)	75.3 (70.6;80.1)
Family income (in minimum wages)
≤3.0	61.8 (55.1;68.5)	36.8 (30.1;43.4) ^b	67.6 (61.2;74.1)	39.2 (32.5;46.0)	78.4 (72.8;84.1)
3.1-6.0	57.7 (49.1;66.2)	19.2 (12.4;26.1)	63.1 (54.7;71.4)	40.8 (32.3;49.3)	76.2 (68.8;83.5)
>6.0	46.6 (36.1;57.1)	26.1 (16.9;35.4)	68.2 (58.4;78.0)	31.8 (22.0;41.6)	71.6 (62.1;81.1)
Self-perception of health
Excellent-Good	60.6 (54.0;67.2)	31.5 (25.2;37.7)	68.5 (62.3;74.8)	37.6 (31.0;44.1)	76.5 (70.8;82.2)
Regular-Bad	54.1 (47.3;60.9)	26.8 (20.8;32.8)	64.1 (57.6;70.7)	38.8 (32.1;45.4)	76.1 (70.3;81.9)
Morbidity present
Only hypertension	56.0 (50.8;61.1)	29.0 (24.3;33.7)	67.4 (62.5;72.3)	35.7 (30.7;40.6) ^b	75.2 (70.7;79.7)
Only diabetes mellitus	58.3 (29.1;87.6)	16.7 (0.0;38.8)	50.0 (20.4;79.6)	50.0 (20.4;79.6)	91.7 (75.3-*)
Hypertension + diabetes mellitus	66.7 (53.6;79.8)	33.3 (20.2;46.4)	62.7 (49.3;76.2)	52.9 (39.1;66.8)	80.0(69.4;91.4)
Length of time with hypertension (in years)
<10	54.7 (47.2:62.2)	31.2 (24.2;38.2)	70.0 (63.1;76.9)	40.6 (33.2;48.0)	74.1 (67.5;80.7)
≥10	59.2 (52.7;65.7)	27.8 (21.9;33.7)	63.2 (56.9;69.6)	35.4 (29.1;41.7)	77.6 (72.1;83.1)
Length of time with diabetes *mellitus* (in years)
<8	57.7 (37.9;77.5)	34.6 (15.6;53.7)	61.5 (42.1;81.0)	57.7 (37.9;77.5)	80.8 (65.0;96.5)
≥8	70.6 (54.7;86.5)	26.5 (11.1;41.8)	58.8 (41.7;76.0)	52.9 (35.6;70.3)	85.3 (73.0;97.6)
Recommendation
No	55.4 (46.8;64.0)	26.9 (19.2;34.6)	65.4 (57.2;73.6)	38.5 (30.0;46.9)	74.6 (67.1;82.1)
Yes	58.2 (52.5;63.9)	30.1 (24.8;35.4)	66.8 (61.4;72.2)	38.0 (32.4;43.6)	77.1 (72.2;81.9)

Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil SRTVN Quadra 701, Via W5 Norte, Lote D, Edifício P0700, CEP: 70719-040, +55 61 3315-3464, Fax: +55 61 3315-3464 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: ress.svs@gmail.com

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[1] Correspondence: Kelli Destri - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública Baseada em Evidências, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Marechal Deodoro, No. 1160, 3º andar, Centro, Pelotas-RS, Brasil. CEP: 96020-220. E-mail: destrikelli@gmail.com