Association between dental pain, use of dental services and school absenteeism: 2015 National School Health Survey, Brazil

Darley, Rodrigo Moreira; Karam, Sarah Arangurem; Costa, Francine dos Santos; Correa, Marcos Britto; Demarco, Flávio Fernando

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Brasil

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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Original Article • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 30 (1) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-49742021000100011 copy

Association between dental pain, use of dental services and school absenteeism: 2015 National School Health Survey, Brazil^* * This article was produced with the support of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel/Ministry of Education (CAPES/MEC) - Funding Code 001. Authors Sarah Arangurem Karam and Francine dos Santos Costa received CAPES Master’s and PhD scholarships, respectively.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

To analyze association between dental pain, use of dental services and school absenteeism in Brazilian adolescents.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study with data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE 2015). The study’s dependent variable was school absenteeism due to health reasons in the last 12 months. Socioeconomic characteristics, dental pain and use of dental services were the independent variables evaluated. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

Results

Data on 102,072 schoolchildren were included. Absenteeism prevalence due to health reasons was 53.7% (95%CI 53.2;54.3). In the adjusted analysis, there was association between dental pain and school absenteeism (OR=1.35 - 95%CI 1.26;1.45), and an increase in absenteeism occurrence the greater the number of dental visits.

Conclusion

The results suggest that dental pain and frequency of dental visits may be related to school absenteeism.

Keywords:
Absenteeism; Oral Health; Dentistry; Dental Care; Cross-Sectional Studies

Characteristics	N (%) ^a	95%CI^b	*School absenteeism: “Yes”*
Characteristics	N (%) ^a	95%CI^b	%^a	95%CI^b	p-value^c
Sex (n=102,072)					<0.001
Male	49,290 (48.7)	48.2;49.3	50.2	49.4;51.0
Female	52,782 (51.3)	50.7;51.8	57.1	56.3;57.8
Age in years (n=102,072)					<0.001
≤13	17,260 (18.2)	17.8;18.7	56.2	54.8;57.6
14	51,611 (51.0)	50.5;51.6	55.2	54.4;55.9
15	20,864 (19.8)	19.4;20.2	50.9	49.7;52.1
≥16	12,337 (11.0)	10.7-11.3	48.0	46.5;49.5
Race/skin color (n=101,964)					<0.001
White	33,775 (36.2)	35.6;36.7	56.5	55.6;57.5
Black	12,849 (13.4)	13.0;13.8	47.5	45.9;49.0
Brown	46,935 (43.1)	43.5;43.6	53.6	52.8;54.4
Other	8,405 (7.4)	7.1;7.7	52.2	50.4;54.2
Country macro-regions (n=102,072)					<0.001
North	23,937 (9.6)	9.4;9.8	45.1	44.1;46.1
Northeast	36,334 (27.7)	27.3;28.1	49.5	48.8;50.3
Southeast	17,772 (43.4)	42.8;43.9	58.6	57.5;59.7
South	9,850 (11.9)	11.6;12.2	52.8	51.5;54.1
Midwest	14,179 (7.5)	7.3;7.6	53.5	52.5;54.5
Maternal education (n=76,638)					<0.001
No education	5,531 (7.4)	7.1;7.7	47.3	45.2;49.5
Incomplete primary education	18,217 (26.5)	25.9;27.1	52.9	51.7;54.2
Complete primary education	12,299 (17.3)	16.6;17.6	54.8	53.2;56.3
Complete secondary education	23,359 (30.9)	30.3;31.5	57.5	56.4;58.7
Complete higher education	17,232 (18.1)	17.7;18.6	60.5	59.1;61.9
Seeking health services in the last 12 months (n=100,992)					<0.001
No	44,681 (44.7)	44.1;45.2	38.8	38.0;39.7
Yes	56,311 (55,3)	54.8;55.9	65.8	65.1;66.5
Use of dental services in the last 12 months (n=101,411)					<0.001
None	30,319 (30.3)	29.8;30.8	46.9	45.9;47.9
Once	17,645 (17.2)	16.8;17.6	53.4	52.1;54.7
Twice	16,424 (15.4)	14.9;15.8	57.4	56.0;58.7
Three or more times	37,023 (37.1)	36.6;37.7	57.9	56.9;58.8
Toothache in the last 6 months (n=91,547)					<0.001
No	70,605 (76,6)	76.1;77.1	51.4	50.7;52.1
Yes	20,942 (23.4)	22.9;23.9	60.0	58.8;61.2
School absenteeism for health reasons (n=101,015)
No	48,576 (46.3)	45.7;46.8	-	-
Yes	52,439 (53.7)	53.2;54.3	-	-

Variables	School absenteeism for health reasons
Variables	Crude OR^a (95% CI^b)	Adjusted^c OR^a (95% CI^b)
Use of dental services in the past 12 months (n=100,818)
None	Reference	Reference
Once	1.29 (1.21;1.38)	1.09 (1.01;1.18)
Twice	1.52 (1.42;1.63)	1.22 (1.12;1.33)
Three or more times	1.55 (1.47;1.64)	1.12 (1.04;1.19)
Toothache in the past 6 months (n=91,015)
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	1.42 (1.34;1.50)	1.35 (1.26;1.45)

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[1] Correspondence: Sarah Arangurem Karam - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, No. 457, Centro, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Postcode: 96015-560. E-mail: sarahkaram_7@hotmail.com