Prevalence and factors associated with arterial hypertension in adults living in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil: a population-based study, 2016

Bazílio, Gabriela Silvério; Guimarães, Rafael Alves; Ribeiro, Gabriela de Morais Pedroso; Morais, Fabricio de Oliveira; Yamamoto, Rogers Kazuo Rodrigues; Bernal, Regina Tomie Ivata; Morais Neto, Otaliba Libânio de

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Brasil

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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Original Article • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 30 (1) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-49742021000100009 copy

Prevalence and factors associated with arterial hypertension in adults living in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil: a population-based study, 2016^* * Research based on the Master’s thesis by Gabriela Silvério Bazílio, entitled ‘Prevalence of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and their risk factors and determination of factors associated with systemic arterial hypertension in the city of Senador Canedo, Goiás’, submitted to the Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine and Public Health of the Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, in 2017.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

To estimate prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in adults in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil, in 2016.

Methods

This was cross-sectional survey, with three-stage cluster sampling. A questionnaire was applied and weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure and total cholesterol levels were measured. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

Results

Hypertension prevalence was 23.6% (95%CI - 19.3;28.6) among the 709 participants. The associated factors were: sedentarism (PR=1.7 - 95%CI% 1.1;2.5); enlarged waist circumference (PR=5.9 - 95%CI 3.6;9.6); hypercholesterolemia (PR=2.6 - 95%CI 1.3;5.2); and age ≥60 years (PR=2.9 - 95%CI 1.3;6.2).

Conclusion

Hypertension prevalence was lower than that described for Brazil as a whole in 2013. Physical inactivity, accumulated abdominal fat and age were factors associated with hypertension.

Keywords:
Hypertension; Risk Factors; Chronic Disease; Health Surveys; Prevalence

Variables	N	AH prevalence^a
Variables	N	%	95%CI^b
Education
Complete high school, incomplete higher education and complete higher education	250	14.0	(9.9;19.4)
Complete elementary school and incomplete high school	160	21.6	(15.0;30.1)
No education and incomplete elementary school	298	36.4	(28.3;45.3)
Marital status
No	212	20.8	(14.7;28.6)
Yes	488	24.7	(19.8;30.3)
Race/skin color (self-reported)
White	173	27.0	(19.7;30.9)
Black	62	21.0	(11.1;36.2)
Brown	439	23.6	(18.3;29.7)
Other	26	15.5	(7.8;28.5)
Intake of meat or chicken with excess fat
No	381	23.4	(18.4;29.2)
Yes	328	23.9	(18.5;30.4)
High salt intake
No	204	35.3	(25.6;46.5)
Yes	504	20.3	(16.2;25.1)
Recommended intake of vegetables and fruits
No	389	22.1	(17.0;28.2)
Yes	320	25.6	(19.1;33.4)
Physical activity during leisure time
Active	131	14.4	(10.2;20.0)
Inactive	578	26.2	(21.4;31.9)
Alcohol abuse
No	573	24.4	(19.0;30.8)
Yes	134	21.2	(15.8;28.0)
Smoking
Never smoked	438	19.2	(15.1;24.2)
Former smoker	142	37.7	(27.3;49.4)
Smoker	111	26.6	(18.3;37.0)
Nutritional status
Eutrophic	239	14.7	(10.1;20.8)
Overweight	255	24.6	(18.0;32.7)
Obesity	192	37.9	(28.0;48.8)
Waist circumference
Normal	408	14.8	(11.2;19.4)
Enlarged	280	40.5	(30.9;50.9)
Hypercholesterolemia
No	505	19.2	(15.3;23.9)
Yes	194	41.6	(32.2;51.6)
Sex
Female	438	26.0	(20.2;32.7)
Male	271	21.2	(16.2;27.3)
Age (years)
<60	606	18.9	(15.2;23.2)
≥60	103	76.6	(67.5;83.8)

Variables	Bivariate analysis		p-value^c	Multivariate analysis		p-value
Variables	PR^a	95%CI^b	p-value^c	PR^a	95%Cl^b	p-value
Education
Complete high school, incomplete higher education and complete higher education	1.0			1.0
Complete elementary school and incomplete high school	1.5	(1.1;2.2)	<0.001	1.3	(0.9;1.9)	0.099
No education and incomplete elementary school	2.6	(1.8;3.8)	<0.001	1.6	(0.9;2.7)	0.099
Marital status
No	1.0
Yes	1.2	(0.8;1.7)	0.335	-	-	-
Race/skin color (self-reported)
White	1.0
Black	0.8	(0.4;1.6)	0.272	-	-
Brown	0.9	(0.6;1.2)				-
Other	0.6	(0.3;1.2)
Intake of meat or chicken with excess fat
No	1.0
Yes	1.0	(0.8;1.3)	0.853	-	-	-
High salt intake
No	1.0
Yes	0.9	(0.5;1.3)	0.512	-	-	-
Recommended intake of vegetables and fruits
No	1.0
Yes	1.2	(0.8;1.6)	0.406	-	-	-
Physical activity during leisure time
Active	1.0
Inactive	1.8	(1.3;2.6)	<0.001	1.7	(1.1;2.5)	0.018
Alcohol abuse
No	1.0
Yes	0.9	(0.6;1.3)	0.445	-	-	-
Smoking
Never Smoked	1.0			1.0
Former Smoker	2.0	(1.4;2.8)	0.003	1.1	(0.7;1.5)	0.241
Smoker	1.4	(1.0;1.9)		1.3	(0.9;1.9)
Nutritional status
Eutrophic	1.0			1.0
Overweight	1.7	(1.1;2.6)	<0.001	1.6	(0.7;3.4)	0.898
Obesity	2.6	(1.7;3.8)	<0.001	1.1	(0.3;4.2)	0.898
Waist circumference
Normal	1.0
Enlarged	2.7	(1.9;3.8)	<0.001	5.9	(3.6;9.6)	<0.001
Hypercholesterolemia
No	1.0
Yes	2.2	(1.7;2.8)	<0.001	2.6	(1.3;5.2)	0.009
Sex
Female	1.0
Male	0.8	(0.6;1.1)	0.211	-	-	-
Age (years)
<60	1.0
≥60	4.1	(3.2 5.1)	<0.001	2.9	(1.3;6.2)	0.010

Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil SRTVN Quadra 701, Via W5 Norte, Lote D, Edifício P0700, CEP: 70719-040, +55 61 3315-3464, Fax: +55 61 3315-3464 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: ress.svs@gmail.com

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[1] Correspondence:Gabriela Silvério Bazílio - Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Rua 235, s/n, sala 409, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. Postcode: 74605-050. E-mail: biomedicagabriela@gmail.com