Oral health status of pregnant and puerperal women in the municipality of Feira de Santana, at three different times between 2005 and 2015

Trindade, Soraya Castro; Barreto, Juliana Albuquerque Reis; Barreto Neto, Laerte Oliveira; Passos-Soares, Johelle de Santana; Vianna, Maria Isabel Pereira; Azevedo, Antônio Cesar Oliveira; Genovese, Walter João; Barreto, Maurício Lima; Cruz, Simone Seixas da; Gomes Filho, Isaac Suzart

doi:10.5123/S1679-49742018000300009

person Soraya Castro Trindade

schoolUniversidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Saúde, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil

0000-0001-7125-9114

person Juliana Albuquerque Reis Barreto

schoolUniversidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Saúde, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil

person Laerte Oliveira Barreto Neto

schoolUniversidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Saúde, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil

person Johelle de Santana Passos-Soares

schoolUniversidade Federal da Bahia, Departamento de Odontologia Social e Pediátrica, Salvador, BA, Brasil

person Maria Isabel Pereira Vianna

schoolUniversidade Federal da Bahia, Departamento de Odontologia Social e Pediátrica, Salvador, BA, Brasil

person Antônio Cesar Oliveira Azevedo

schoolUniversidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Departamento de Odontologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

person Walter João Genovese

schoolUniversidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Departamento de Odontologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

person Maurício Lima Barreto

schoolUniversidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Salvador, BA, Brasil

person Simone Seixas da Cruz

schoolUniversidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, Brasil

person Isaac Suzart Gomes Filho

schoolUniversidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Saúde, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil

Correspondence: Soraya Castro Trindade - Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, Campus Universitário, Módulo 6, Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil. CEP: 44036-900 E-mail:
soraya@uefs.br

groupsAuthors' contributions

Trindade SC contributed to the design of the study, data analysis, interpretation and discussion of the results and to writing the manuscript. Gomes Filho IS participated in the design of the study, interpretation and discussion of the results and writing the manuscript. Barreto JAR participated in obtaining data, discussion of the results and writing the manuscript. Barreto Neto LO participated in obtaining data and discussion of the results. Passos-Soares JS, Vianna MIP, Azevedo ACO, Genovese WJ, Cruz SS and Barreto ML participated in the discussion of the results and contributed to drafting the manuscript. All authors approved the final version and declared themselves to be responsible for all aspects of the study, ensuring its accuracy and integrity.

Socio-demographic characteristics	Period I (2005-2007)		Period II 2010-2011			Period III 2012-2015		p^a
	N=336		N=372			N=537
	N	%	N	%		N	%
Age (in years)
18-35	283	84.23	274	73.66	<0.01	425	79.14	0.06
<18 e >35	53	15.77	98	26.34	<0.01	112	20.86	0.06
Maternal skin color
White	-	-	40	10.93	-	463	9.57	-
Not white	-	-	326	89.07	-	49	90.43	-
Education level (in years of study)
>4	-	-	322	87.27	-	444	85.39	-
≤4	-	-	47	12.73	-	76	14.61	-
Family income (in monthly minimum wages)
>1	81	24.11	119	32.69	-	154	30.20	0.05
≤1	255	75.89	245	67.31	-	356	69.80	0.05
Marital status
With a partner	224	66.67	296	80.00	<0.01	423	79.21	<0.01
Without a partner	112	33.33	74	20.00	<0.01	111	20.79	<0.01
Household density (number of people)
<4	180	56.97	120	33.33	<0.01	155	32.84	<0.01
≥4	136	43.03	240	66.67	<0.01	317	67.16	<0.01
Smoking in pregnancy
No	-	-	359	96.77	-	482	95.44	-
Yes	-	-	12	3.23	-	23	4.56	-
Alcohol in pregnancy
No	-	-	329	88.68	-	440	85.27	-
Yes	-	-	42	11.32	-	76	14.73	-
Consultation with the dental surgeon during pregnancy
Yes	-	-	104	28.03	-	186	35.03	-
No	-	-	267	71.97	-	345	64.97	-
Dental surgeon guidance on oral health
Yes	-	-	68	18.33	-	119	27.10	-
No	-	-	303	81.67	-	320	72.90	-
Brushing frequency
> once a day	-	-	368	98.92	-	523	97.40	-
≤ once a day	-	-	4	1.08	-	14	2.60	-
Use of floss
Yes	-	-	125	33.70	-	196	36.70	-
No	-	-	246	66.30	-	338	63.30
Arterial hypertension
No	316	94.05	316	85.40	<0.01	439	84.91	<0.01
Yes	20	5.95	54	14.60	<0.01	78	15.09	<0.01
Diabetes
No	-	-	368	99.73	-	507	98.64	-
Yes	-	-	1	0.27	-	7	1.36	-
Urinary tract infection
No	262	77.98	246	66.49	<0.01	346	67.18	<0.01
Yes	73	21.72	124	33.51	<0.01	169	32.82	<0.01
Prenatal care
Yes	33	9.85	366	98.65	<0.01	524	98.87	<0.01
No	302	89.85	05	1.35	<0.01	06	1.13	<0.01

Variables Periodontal status	Period II (2010-2011)	Period III (2012-2015)	p^a
	N=372	N=537
	Median ± DP Median [IQ]	Median ± DP Median [IQ]
Visible plaque index	14.71 ± 54.05 5.23 [0.00;16.7]	9.47 ± 15.13 5.00 [2.78;10.00]	0.07
Gingival bleeding index	7.05 ± 11.63 1.92 [0.00;8.33]	8.98 ± 12.1 5.50 [2.00;11.00]	0.02
Average probing depth	1.87 ± 1.33 1.60 [1.38;2.14]	1.83 ± 0.56 1.80 [1.50;2.10]	0.57
Average clinical attachment level	2.05 ± 2.40 1.65 [1.38;2.20]	2.04 ± 1.32 1.82 [1.58;2.26]	0.96
Number of teeth with clinical attachment level 1 and 2	16.19 ± 9.14 18.00 [8.00;24.00]	17.12 ± 6.33 17.00 [13.00;22.00]	0.09
Number of teeth with clinical attachment level 3 and 4	8.04 ± 7.22 6.00 [2.00;14.00]	7.14 ± 4.93 6.00 [3.50;10.0]	0.04
Number of teeth with clinical attachment level ≥ 5	0.98 ± 2.30 0.00 [0.00;1.00]	1.01 ± 2.16 0.00 [0.00;1.00]	0.87
Number of teeth probing depth ≥4mm	4.19 ± 8.71 0.00 [0.00;5.00]	1.32 ± 2.75 0.00 [0.00;2.00]	<0.01

Periodontal status	Period I (2005-2007)		Period II 2010-2011		Period III 2012-2015		p^a
	N=336		N=371		N=537
	N	%	N	%	N	%
Diagnosis of periodontal status
Without gingivitis/periodontitis	104	30.95	304	81.94	444	82.68
Gingivitis	82	24.41	33	8.90	31	5.77	<0.01
Periodontitis	150	44.64	34	9.16	62	11.55	<0.01
Diagnosis of periodontitis
Without gingivitis/periodontitis	-	-	216	58.22	62	11.55	<0.01	313	58.29
Gingivitis			12	3.23	8	1.49	0.09
Periodontitis	-	-	143	38.55	216	40.22	0.61
Diagnosis of periodontal status and level of periodontitis severity
Without gingivitis/periodontitis	-	-	216	58.22	313	58.29
Gingivitis	-	-	12	3.24	8	1.49	0.09
Mild periodontitis	-	-	7	1.89	30	5.59	<0.01
Moderate periodontitis	-	-	119	32.07	169	31.47	0.96
Severe periodontitis	-	-	17	4.58	17	3.16	0.23

Dental status variables	Period II (2010-2011)	Period III (2012-2015)	p^a
	N=372	N=537
	Median ± DP Median [IQ]	Median ± DP Median [IQ]
Number of teeth	29.48 ± 3.57 31.00 [28.00;32.00]	27.23 ± 4.13 28.00 [26.00;30.00]	<0.01
Number of decayed teeth	2.05 ± 2.91 1.00 [0.00;3.00]	2.23 ± 3.08 1.00 [0.00;3.00]	0.41
Number of missing teeth	1.93 ± 3.14 0.00 [0.00;3.00]	3.39 ± 4.20 2.00 [0.00;5.00]	<0.01
Number of filled teeth	1.76 ± 3.07 0.00 [0.00;3.00]	2.11 ± 3.25 0.00 [0.00;3.00]	0.13
DMFT index^b	5.70 ± 5.14 5.00 [1.00;9.00]	7.65 ± 6.05 7.00 [3.00;11.00]	<0.01
Needing filling	1.57 ± 2.36 0.00 [0.00;2.00]	1.95 ± 3.10 1.00 [0.00;3.00]	0.05
Needing crown	0.15 ± 0.66 0.00 [0.00;0.00]	0.03 ± 0.22 0.00 [0.00;0.00]	<0.01
Needing pulp treatment / filling	0.43 ± 0.95 0.00 [0.00;1.00]	0.40 ± 0.93 0.00 [0.00;0.00]	0.61
Need ing extraction	0.24 ± 0.83 0.00 [0.00;0.00]	0.03 ± 0.30 0.00 [0.00;0.00]	<0.01
Number of healthy teeth	25.66 ± 6.11 27.00 [23.00;31.00]	22.85 ± 6.22 24.00 [19.00;28.00]	<0.01

[TFN8] a) P: ≤0.05 significance level

[TFN9] Note:

[TFN10] /n = data not available in the original database, to enable differences to be calculated.

Oral health status of pregnant and puerperal women in the municipality of Feira de Santana, at three different times between 2005 and 2015*

Oral health status of pregnant and puerperal women in the municipality of Feira de Santana, at three different times between 2005 and 2015^*