Menu

home Sumário navigate_before Anterior Atual Seguinte navigate_next

home Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 32 (4) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222023000400002.en linkcopy

Impairments, health conditions and health risk behaviors: occurrence and associations, in the National Health Survey, Brazil, 2019

Discapacidades, condiciones de salud y conductas de riesgo para la salud: ocurrencia y asociaciones, en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, Brasil, 2019

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective To analyze association of visual, hearing, mental/intellectual, physical and multiple impairments with health conditions and health risk behaviors in Brazil.

Methods This was a cross-sectional study, using data from the 2019 National Health Survey; associations between impairments and presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), high cholesterol, alcohol abuse and smoking were estimated using logistic regression, thus obtaining the odds ratios (OR).

Results Impairment was reported by 7.6% of the 90,846 participants. Having a impairment was associated with greater odds of reporting chronic conditions, especially CVD (OR = 2.11; 95%CI 1.76;2.54) and DM (OR = 1.78; 95%CI 1.56;2.02 ); visual impairment was associated with greater odds of smoking (OR = 1.52; 95%CI 1.28;1.81); mental/intellectual impairment was inversely related to smoking (OR = 0.45; 95%CI 0.30;0.67) and alcohol abuse (OR = 0.13; 95%CI 0.06;0.26).

Conclusion Having any of the impairments studied may be associated with greater odds of having chronic health conditions.

Keywords
Disabled Persons; Chronic Disease; Health Risk Behaviors; Cross-Sectional Studies

Study contributions

Main results Positive association was identified between having one or more impairments, and health conditions and health risk behaviors. The higher the prevalence of mental/intellectual, physical and multiple impairments, the lower alcohol abuse and smoking.

Implications for services As this population is vulnerable to chronic health conditions, health services need strategies to reduce barriers to access, as well as health promotion actions, such as health education, adapted for people with impairments.

Perspectives Topics for future studies, examining the inverse relationship between impairments and alcohol abuse and smoking, in addition to acting on the causal chain, so as to prevent health conditions and health risk behaviors.

Characteristics	% (95%CI^a)
Age (at last birthday)
18-24	14.0 (13.5;14.5)
25-34	18.3 (17.8;18.8)
35-44	20.5 (20.0;20.9)
45-54	18.1 (17.6;18.5)
55-64	15.2 (14.8;15.6)
≥ 65	13.9 (13.3;14.2)
Sex
Male	47.0 (46.4;47.6)
Female	53.0 (52.3;53.5)
Race/skin color
White	43.1 (42.4;43.8)
Mixed race	44.4 (43.7;45.0)
Black	11.5 (11.0;11.8)
Asian	1.0 (0.8;1.1)
Schooling (completed levels of education)
Completed higher education	15.0 (14.3;15.5)
Completed high school education	33.3 (32.6;33.8)
Completed elementary education	17.4 (16.9;17.9)
Incomplete elementary education	34.3 (33.6;34.9)
Income [in minimum wages (MW)]
> 5 MWs	5.0 (4.6;5.4)
> 3-5 MWs	6.2 (5.8;6.5)
> 2-3 MWs	9.0 (8.5;9.2)
>1-2 MWs	27.5 (26.9;28.1)
> ½-1 MW	29.2 (28.6;29.8)
> ¼-½ MW	14.9 (14.4;15.3)
≤ ¼ MW	8.2 (7.9;8.5)
Brazilian macro-region
Southeast	43.1 (42.3;43.9)
South	14.6 (14.1;15.0)
Midwest	7.6 (7.3;7.8)
Northeast	26.7 (26.1;27.2)
North	8.0 (7.7;8.2)
Area of residence
Urban	85.9 (85.5;86.3)
Rural	14.1 (13.6;14.4)
ACS^b visit in the last 12 months
Never	23.3 (22.3;24.1)
Once	11.9 (11.3;12.3)
2-4 times	16.4 (15.7;17.0)
Every 2 months	10.5 (9.9; 11.1)
Monthly	37.9 (36.9;38.9)
Health insurance
No	73.5 (72.6;74.2)
Health conditions and health risk behaviors
Cardiovascular disease	5.0 (4.8;5.3)
Hypertension	24.7 (24.2;25.2)
Diabetes mellitus	8.2 (7.9;8.5)
High cholesterol	15.3 (14.8;15.7)
Alcohol abuse	16.5 (16.1;17.0)
Smoking	12.1 (11.7;12.5)
Impairments
None	90.3 (90.0;90.6)
One	7.6 (7.2;7.8)
Two or more	2.1 (1.9;2.2)
Hearing impairment	1.3 (1.1;1.4)
Visual impairment	4.0 (3.8;4.2)
Physical impairment	5.7 (5.5;6.0)
Mental/intellectual impairment	1.0 (0.8;1.1)

Impairments	Cardiovascular disease	Hypertension	Diabetes mellitus	High cholesterol	Alcohol abuse	Smoking
Impairments	% (95%CI^a)	% (95%CI^a)	% (95%CI^a)	% (95%CI^a)	% (95%CI^a)	% (95%CI^a)
Visual	14.6 (12.8;16.7)	46.0 (43.3;48.7)	21.7 (19.4;24.1)	26.2 (23.9;28.7)	9.7 (8.4;11.2)	17.4 (15.6;19.4)
Hearing	18.5 (14.7;23.0)	54.1 (49.4;58.8)	19.7 (16.0;24.0)	27.1 (22.9;31.6)	9.2 (7.1;12.0)	10.3 (8.1;12.9)
Physical	18.5 (16.8;20.2)	58.4 (56.2;60.6)	25.0 (23.1;27.1)	32.4 (30.2;34.6)	4.5 (3.8;5.2)	13.5 (12.1;15.1)
Mental/intellectual	17.1 (12.8;22.3)	37.4 (31.8;43.3)	16.0 (12.5;20.3)	24.7 (19.8;30.4)	1.7 (0.9;2.9)	7.5 (5.5;10.3)
Multiple disabilities
One	13.7 (12.3;15.1)	48.6 (46.7;50.6)	20.0 (18.4;21.7)	26.9 (25.1;28.8)	8.5 (7.6;9.5)	15.3 (13.9;16.7)
Two or more	21.7 (18.9;24.9)	57.7 (53.7;61.6)	27.1 (23.7;30.7)	32.3 (28.8;36.1)	3.4 (2.5;4.5)	11.8 (9.85;14.21)

Impairments	Cardiovascular disease	Hypertension	Diabetes mellitus	High cholesterol	Alcohol abuse	Smoking
Impairments	% (95%CI^a)	% (95%CI^a)	% (95%CI^a)	% (95%CI^a)	% (95%CI^a)	% (95%CI^a)
Visual
Model 0^b	3.53 (2.99;4.16)	2.72 (2.43;3.05)	3.34 (2.89;3.86)	2.04 (1.79;2.32)	0.53 (0.45;0.62)	1.56 (1.36;1.78)
Model 1^c	2.16 (1.83;2.55)	1.39 (1.24;1.56)	1.91 (1.63;2.24)	1.37 (1.20;1.56)	0.87 (0.72;1.03)	1.66 (1.45;1.91)
Model 2^d	2.18 (1.84;2.58)	1.32 (1.17;1.49)	1.81 (1.54;2.13)	1.40 (1.22;1.60)	0.93 (0.78;1.13)	1.45 (1.25;1.67)
Model 3^e	2.01 (1.65;2.44)	1.26 (1.10;1.45)	1.71 (1.42;2.06)	1.35 (1.17;1.56)	1.06 (0.84;1.34)	1.52 (1.28;1.81)
Hearing
Model 0^b	4.42 (3.33;5.87)	3.66 (3.01;4.45)	2.79 (2.15;3.62)	2.08 (1.66;2.60)	0.51 (0.38;0.68)	0.82 (0.64;1.07)
Model 1^c	1.97 (1.49;2.61)	1.47 (1.22;1.77)	1.22 (0.93;1.60)	1.21 (0.96;1.53)	0.85 (0.61;1.17)	0.89 (0.68;1.16)
Model 2^d	1.94 (1.46;2.57)	1.42 (1.18;1.70)	1.17 (0.89;1.54)	1.21 (0.95;1.53)	0.89 (0.64;1.15)	0.82 (0.63;1.07)
Model 3^e	1.53 (1.11;2.12)	1.37 (1.11;1.70)	1.14 (0.85;1.53)	1.26 (0.95;1.67)	1.14 (0.79;1.65)	0.94 (0.69;1.29)
Physical (upper and/or lower limbs)
Model 0^b	5.14 (4.52;5.85)	4.81 (4.38;5.27)	4.34 (3.85;4.90)	2.89 (2.58;3.24)	0.22 (0.19;0.26)	1.14 (1.00;1.30)
Model 1^c	2.54 (2.21;2.92)	1.86 (1.68;2.07)	2.00 (1.76;2.28)	1.61 (1.43;1.82)	0.44 (0.37;0.53)	1.25 (1.08;1.44)
Model 2^d	2.51 (2.18;2.90)	1.76 (1.59;1.95)	1.88 (1.65;2.15)	1.63 (1.44;1.83)	0.47 (0.39;0.57)	1.05 (0.91;1.22)
Model 3^e	2.39 (1.99;2.87)	1.78 (1.56;2.03)	1.95 (1.66;2.30)	1.60 (1.39;1.84)	0.48 (0.38;0.60)	1.11 (0.92;1.34)
Mental/intellectual
Model 0^b	3.97 (2.83;5.58)	1.83 (1.43;2.34)	2.15 (1.60;2.89)	1.83 (1.38;2.43)	0.08 (0.04;0.15)	0.59 (0.41;0.83)
Model 1^c	2.46 (1.68;3.59)	1.00 (0.75;1.32)	1.26 (0.93;1.69)	1.42 (1.08;1.87)	0.10 (0.05;0.19)	0.68 (0.48;0.96)
Model 2^d	2.42 (1.65;3.51)	0.93 (0.70;1.23)	1.15 (0.86;1.55)	1.39 (1.05;1.83)	0.11 (0.06;0.20)	0.52 (0.36;0.74)
Model 3^e	2.48 (1.49;4.12)	0.74 (0.51;1.07)	1.22 (0.84;1.75)	1.24 (0.91;1.70)	0.13 (0.06;0.26)	0.45 (0.30;0.67)
Multiple impairment
Model 0^b
One	3.87 (3.38;4.44)	3.37 (3.10;3.66)	3.46 (3.07;3.89)	2.28 (2.05;2.54)	0.43 (0.38;0.49)	1.34 (1.19;1.50)
Two or more	6.78 (5.60;8.20)	4.86 (4.12;5.73)	5.12 (4.25;6.18)	2.97 (2.50;3.52)	0.16 (0.12;0.22)	0.99 (0.80;1.22)
Model 1^c
One	2.28 (1.96;2.64)	1.64 (1.50;1.80)	1.86 (1.63;2.12)	1.44 (1.28;1.60)	0.69 (0.60;0.79)	1.39 (1.24;1.57)
Two or more	3.19 (2.63;3.88)	1.70 (1.45;1.99)	2.24 (1.83;2.72)	1.68 (1.42;2.00)	0.32 (0.23;0.45)	1.19 (0.96;1.49)
Model 2^d
One	2.30 (1.98;2.66)	1.57 (1.43;1.72)	1.78 (1.56;2.02)	1.46 (1.31;1.63)	0.73 (0.63;0.84)	1.21 (1.07;1.37)
Two or more	3.23 (2.65;3.95)	1.58 (1.35;1.86)	2.07 (1.70;2.53)	1.71 (1.43;2.03)	0.35 (0.25;0.49)	0.94 (0.75;1.19)
Model 3^e
One	2.11 (1.76;2.54)	1.54 (1.38;1.72)	1.77 (1.51;2.08)	1.42 (1.24;1.61)	0.79 (0.66;0.95)	1.25 (1.07;1.45)
Two or more	2.89 (2.25;3.72)	1.50 (1.23;1.82)	2.06 (1.64;2.60)	1.65 (1.35;2.01)	0.44 (0.30;0.64)	1.06 (0.81;1.40)

vertical_align_top show_chart

more_horiz close
- image
- translate
- link
- article
- vertical_align_top
- file_download
- show_chart
- image
- translate
- link
- article

location_on

Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil SRTVN Quadra 701, Via W5 Norte, Lote D, Edifício P0700, CEP: 70719-040, +55 (61) 3315-3464 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: revista.saude@saude.gov.br

rss_feed Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

Reportar erro