Conocimiento sobre la prevención del síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante en puérperas del Sur de Brasil, 2019: un estudio transversal

Souto, Anelise Medeiros; Marmitt, Luana Patrícia; Mola, Christian Loret de; Cesar, Juraci Almeida

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Brasil

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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Brasil

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 33 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e2023622.en copiar

Conocimiento sobre la prevención del síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante en puérperas del Sur de Brasil, 2019: un estudio transversal

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo

Evaluar el conocimiento sobre la prevención del síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante (SMSL) entre puérperas que realizaron prenatal en servicios públicos y privados en Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, en 2019.

Métodos

Estudio transversal, con puérperas que dieron a luz en Rio Grande, en 2019; el resultado consistió en la indicación de posición incorrecta para dormir (lado/supino) para prevenir el SMSL; utilizando chi-cuadrado, se compararon las proporciones entre mujeres que recibieron atención prenatal en servicios públicos y privados.

Resultados

Entre las 2.195 puérperas, 67,7% (IC95% 65,7;69,6) desconocían como se previene el SMSL, estando el 71,6%, en la red pública; 77,8% temía asfixiarse/ahogarse; el 1,9% fue informado sobre el SMSL durante el prenatal; los médicos(as)/enfermeros(as) (70,5%) y los abuelos (65,1%) influyeron en la posición para dormir del bebé.

Conclusión

La mayoría de las puérperas desconocían la posición que previene el SMSL, especialmente en la red pública; en general, este tema no está cubierto en la atención prenatal.

Palabras clave
Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud; Muerte Súbita del Lactante; Posición Supina; Atención Prenatal; Estudios Transversales

Characteristics/lifestyle habits	Total		Prenatal care in public services		Prenatal care in private services		p-value^b
Characteristics/lifestyle habits	N	%	n	% (95%CI^a)	n	% (95%CI ^a )	p-value^b
Age (in years)							< 0.001
11-19	285	13.0	255	18.3 (16.3;20.4)	30	3.8 (2.6;5.3)
20-24	601	27.4	427	30.6 (28.2;33.1)	174	21.8 (19.0;24.7)
25-29	514	23.4	301	21.6 (19.5;23.8)	213	26.5 (23.7;29.8)
30-47	795	36.2	412	29.5 (27.2;32.0)	383	47.9 (44.4;51.3)
Race/skin color							< 0.001
White	1,689	77.0	1,000	71.7 (0.69;74.0)	689	86.2 (83.5;88.3)
Mixed race	334	15.2	254	18.2 (16.3;20.3)	80	10.0 (8.1;12.3)
Black	172	7.8	141	10.1 (8.6;11.8)	31	3.8 (2.7;5.4)
Dwellers in household							< 0.001^c
2-3	1,365	62.2	758	54.4 (51.7;56.9)	607	75.9 (72.8;78.7)
4-5	683	31.1	504	36.1 (33.6;38.7)	179	22.4 (19.6;25.4)
≥ 6	147	6.7	133	9.5 (8.1;11.2)	14	1.7 (1.0;2.9)
Lived with a partner	1,884	85.8	1,139	81.6 (79.6;83.7)	745	93.1 (91.4;0.95)	< 0.001
Schooling (in years of study)
≤ 4	80	3.6	72	5.2 (4.1;6.5)	8	1.0 (0.5;2.0)	< 0.001^c
5-8	583	26.6	533	38.1 (35.6;40.7)	51	6.4 (4.9;8.3)
9-11	1,044	47.6	660	47.3 (44.7;50.0)	384	48.0 (44.5;51.5)
≥ 12	488	22.2	131	9.4 (8.0;11.0)	357	44.6 (41.2;48.1)
Paid work during pregnancy	951	43.3	432	31.0 (28.5;33.4)	519	64.9 (61.6;68.2)	< 0.001
Partner unemployed	308	14.7	240	18.4 (16.4;20.6)	68	8.6 (6.8;10.8)	< 0.001
Monthly family income (in minimum wages^d)							< 0.001^c
≤ 0.9	193	9.0	183	13.6 (11.8;15.5)	10	1.3 (0.7;2.3)
1.0-1.9	733	34.2	632	46.9 (44.3;49.6)	101	12.7 (10.6;15.2)
2.0-3.9	873	40.8	476	35.3 (32.8;37.9)	397	50.0 (46.5;53.5)
≥ 4	342	16.0	56	4.2 (3.2;5.4)	286	36.0 (32.7;39.4)
Primiparous	846	38.5	483	34.6 (32.1;37.2)	363	45.4 (41.9;48.8)	< 0.001
Prior miscarriage	342	15.6	212	15.2 (13.4;17.2)	130	16.3 (13.8;19.0)	0.510
Smoking before and during pregnancy	248	11.3	229	16.4 (14.6;18.5)	19	2.4 (1.5;3.7)	< 0.001^c
Consultations begun in first trimester of pregnancy	1,789	81.5	1,062	76.1 (73.8;78.3)	727	90.9 (89.7;92.7)	< 0.001
Six or more consultations	1,948	88.7	1,191	85.4 (83.4;87.1)	757	94.6 (92.8;96.0)	< 0.001
Adequate prenatal care^e	1,453	66.2	863	61.9 (59.3;64.4)	590	73.8 (70.6;76.7)	< 0.001
TOTAL	2,195	100.0	1,395	63.5 (61.5;65.5)	800	36.5 (34.5;38.5)

Postpartum women’s knowledge/opinion	Total		Prenatal care in public services		Prenatal care in private services		p-value^b
Postpartum women’s knowledge/opinion	N	%	n	% (95%CI^a)	n	% (95%CI^a)	p-value^b
Position in which the newborn should sleep							< 0.001^c
Supine (face up)	708	32.3	364	26.1 (23.8;28.5)	344	43.0 (39.6;46.5)
Lateral (on its side)	1,433	65.3	997	71.5 (69.0;73.8)	436	54.5 (51.0;57.9)
Prone (face down)	3	0.1	2	0.1 (0.01;0.1)	1	0.1 (0.01;0.8)
Does not know	51	2.3	32	2.3 (1.6;3.2)	19	2.4 (2.5;3.7)
Reasons for choosing any of these positions							< 0.001^c
Avoid choking/suffocation	1,695	77.8	1,091	78.9 (76.7;81.0)	604	75.8 (72.7;78.6)
Provide greater comfort	340	15.6	222	16.1 (14.2;18.1)	118	14.8 (12.5;17.4)
Health professional guidance	38	1.8	15	1.1 (0.06;1.8)	23	2.9 (1.9;4.3)
Positive previous experience	16	0.7	11	0.8 (0.04;1.4)	5	0.6 (0.03;1.5)
Knowledge gained through national campaign	14	0.6	3	0.2 (0.07;6.7)	11	1.4 (0.08;2.5)
Maternal grandmother’s guidance	11	0.5	7	0.5 (0.02;1.6)	4	0.5 (0.02;1.3)
Other	65	3.0	33	2.4 (1.7;3.3)	32	4.0 (2.8;5.6)
Reasons for choosing the supine position (face up)^d (n = 708)							< 0.001
Avoid choking/suffocation	385	54.4	179	49.2 (44.0;54.3)	206	59.9 (54.6;65.0)
Provide greater comfort	241	34.0	152	41.8 (36.8;46.9)	89	25.9 (21.5;30.8)
Other	82	11.6	33	9.0 (6.5;12.5)	49	14.2 (10.9;18.4)
Reasons for choosing the side position^e							0.603^c
Avoid choking/suffocation	1,307	91.3	911	91.4 (89.5;93.0)	396	90.8 (87.7;93.2)
Provide greater comfort	93	6.5	66	6.6 (5.2;8.3)	27	6.2 (4.3;8.9)
Other	33	2.2	20	2.0 (1.2;3.0)	13	3.0 (1.7;5.1)
Who taught you the put the newborn to sleep in the supine position^d							0.019
Newborn’s maternal grandmother	47	6.6	25	6.9 (4.7;10.0)	22	6.4 (4.2;9.5)
No one/by yourself	376	53.1	209	57.4 (52.2;62.4)	167	48.6 (43.3;53.8)
Doctor/nurse	100	14.1	49	13.5 (10.3;17.4)	51	14.8 (11.4;19.1)
Pastoral da Criança Campaign	123	17.4	47	12.9 (9.8;16.8)	76	22.1 (18.0;26.8)
Other	62	8.8	34	9.3 (6.7;12.8)	28	8.1 (5.7;11.6)
Who taught you the put the newborn to sleep in the side position							0.208^c
Newborn’s maternal grandmother	686	47.9	486	48.8 (45.6;51.9)	200	45.9 (41.2;50.6)
No one/by yourself	720	50.2	493	49.5 (46.3;52.6)	227	52.1 (47.4;56.7)
Doctor/nurse	4	0.3	1	0.1 (0.01;0.7)	3	0.7 (0.2;2.1)
Pastoral da Criança Campaign	2	0.1	1	0.1 (0.01;0.7)	1	0.2 (0.03;1.6)
Other	21	1.5	16	0.5 (0.1;2.6)	5	1.1 (0.5;2.7)
Guidance during prenatal consultations on the safest sleeping position for the newborn							0.470^c
	42	1.9	26	1.9 (18.6;27.2)	16	2.0 (1.2;3.2)

Situations	Total		Prenatal care in public services		Prenatal care in private services		p-value^b
Situations	N	%	n	% (95%CI^a)	n	% (95%CI^a)	p-value^b
Would accept putting newborn to sleep face up if so recommended by
Doctor/nurse	1,547	70.5	928	66.6 (64.0;69.0)	619	77.4 (74.3;80.1)	< 0.001
Newborn’s maternal grandmother	1,428	65.1	858	61.5 (58.9;64.0)	570	71.1 (68.0;74.3)	< 0.001
Believes that sleeping in the supine position can avoid death of newborn
	1,150	52.4	642	46.0 (43.4;48.6)	508	63.5 (60.1;66.8)	< 0.001
Has seen the Pastoral da Criança “Sleeping face up is safer” campaign
	361	16.5	156	11.2 (9.6;12.9)	205	25.6 (22.7;28.8)	< 0.001
Intends to put the newborn to sleep in the supine position
	1,048	48.0	591	42.7 (40.1;45.3)	457	57.3 (53.8;60.7)	< 0.001

Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil SRTVN Quadra 701, Via W5 Norte, Lote D, Edifício P0700, CEP: 70719-040, +55 61 3315-3464, Fax: +55 61 3315-3464 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: ress.svs@gmail.com

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[1] Correspondence: Luana Patrícia Marmitt | luanamarmitt@gmail.com